Flora of Colombia

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See also: Fauna of Colombia

The Flora of Colombia is characterized by a high biodiversity, with the highest rate of species by area unit worldwide. Over 130.000 species of plants have been described within Colombian territory^[1].

Image:Victoria cruziana flower.jpg

Flower of Victoria cruziana or Victoria regia inhabits in the Amazon basin.

1 National flower of Colombia
2 National Tree of Colombia
3 Endemisms
- 3.1 Ecoregions with high endemism
4 Tree species
5 Fruits of Colombia
6 Flora genera
7 Orchid species
- 7.1 Frondaria
- 7.2 Restrepia
8 References

[edit] National flower of Colombia

Image:Ctrianaedetail.jpg

Cattleya trianae is the national flower of Colombia.

See also: Cattleya trianae

The national flower of Colombia is the orchid Cattleya trianae which was named after the Colombian naturalist José Jerónimo Triana. The orchid was selected by botanist Emilio Robledo, in representation of the Colombian Academy of History to determine the most representative flowering plant of Colombia. He described it as one of the most beautiful flowers in the world and selected Cattleya trianae as National symbol

[edit] National Tree of Colombia

Image:Ceroxylon quindiuense.jpg

Ceroxylon quindiuense is the national tree

See also: Ceroxylon quindiuense

The national tree of Colombia is the palm Ceroxylon quindiuense (Quindio Wax Palm) which was named after the Colombian Department of Quindio where is located the Cocora valley, only habitat of this restricted range specie. The Wax palm was selected as the national tree by the government of Belisario Betancur and was the first tree officially declared as protected specie in Colombia. C. quindiuense is the only palm that grows at high altitudes and is the tallest monocot in the world.

[edit] Endemisms

Image:Heliconia rostrata 2.jpg

Colombia has the largest amount of heliconia species worldwide. Most of them are endemisms

Image:Baudó-range-Colombia-USGS.gif

The Baudó Mountains in the colombian pacific coast have many endemic plants.

Colombia has the largest amount of endemisms (species that are not found naturally anywhere else) worldwide. About 10% of the species in the world live in Colombia.^[2] Some determinant factors In the distribution range of the species are the weather conditions, temperature, humidity and sunlight availability.

Endemics can easily become endangered or extinct due to their restricted habitat and vulnerability to the actions of man, including the introduction of new organisms.

[edit] Ecoregions with high endemism

According to the colombian Ministry of Environment, the following ecoregions have the highest percentage of botanic endemisms:

[edit] Tree species

Many of the colombian trees are endangered species due to the high quality of the woods and timber industry explotation (such as Colombian oak Quercus humboldtidiana and colombian mahogany) and as source of tanning substances for the leather industry (such as mangrove and Encenillo tree Weinmannia tormentosa). Some tree species described in Colombia are:

Image:Caryocar nuciferum - Lemaire.JPG

Pekea-nut tree (Caryocar nuciferum)

Image:Anadenanthera peregrina.jpg

Yopo tree (Anadenanthera peregrina)

Image:Manodeoso.jpg

Bear paw tree (Dendropanax colombianus)

Image:CyrillaRacemosa.jpg

Cyrilla racemiflora

[edit] Fruits of Colombia

Cherimoya fruit.jpg Cherimoya (Annona cherimola)	Borojofruit.jpg Borojo tree fruit (Borojoa patinoi)	Pupunha (Bactris gasipaes) 7.jpg Chontaduro fruit (Bactris gasipaes)	Tamarillos.jpg Tomato tree or tamarillo (Solanum betaceum)
Melicoccus bijugatus.jpg Mamoncillo (Melicoccus bijugatus)	Psidium cattleianum.jpg Arazá or Strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum)	Physalis.jpg Uchuva or Cape gooseberry fruit (Physalis edulis)	Soursop fruit.jpg Guanabana or Soursop fruit (Annona muricata)
Gui1 cashewfruit2.jpg Marañon or Cashew (Anacardium occidentale)	Corozofruit.JPG Corozo or Mararay (Aiphanes aculeata)	Feijoa HortResearch.jpg Feijoa or Pineapple guava ( Acca sellowiana)	Guamafruit.jpg Guama or Ice-cream-bean (Inga edulis)
Lulo.jpg Lulo or Naranjilla (Solanum quitoense)	Passiflora tarminiana - Banana poka.jpg Curuba	Passiflora fruit 8043.jpg Maypop (Passiflora incarnata)	Purple passionfruit.jpg Gulupa or purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis)

[edit] Flora genera

Image:Encenillotree.gif

Encenillo (Weinmannia tormentosa)

Image:Streptosolen closeup.jpg

marmalade bush (Streptosolen jamesonii)

Image:Fique2.jpg

Fique plant field in Guarne

Image:Caesalpinia pulcherrima.jpg

The Arrayan was sacred to the precolumbian people

Image:Fraylejon.jpg

Espeletia grandiflora in the paramo Arenal del Quindío

Image:Frailejon.jpg

Espeletia schultzii

Image:Frailejones chiles.JPG

Espeletia pycnophylla

Image:Passiflora tarminiana.jpg

Passiflora tarminiana.

Image:Passion Flower Passiflora Flower 3008px.jpg

Velvety Passion Flower

Image:PassionFlower.PNG

Orange Passion Flower

Image:Passiflora-coccinea-Folio.JPG

Passiflora coccinea

Image:Passiflora loefgrenii1.jpg

Passiflora loefgrenii

Image:Passiflora picturata4.jpg

Passiflora picturata

Image:Passiflora subpeltata.jpg

Passiflora subpeltata

Image:Passiflora citrina BotGardBln1105FlowerD.jpg

Passiflora citrina

Image:Mac app2.jpg

Macrocarpaea calophylla.

Image:Mac app.jpg

Macrocarpaea apparata.

Image:Iniridasummerflower.JPG

Inírida flower Schoenocephalium teretifolium.

[edit] Abarema

[edit] Acidocroton

Acidocroton gentryi

[edit] Aiphanes

[edit] Aniba

[edit] Brownea

[edit] Brunellia

[edit] Calatola

Calatola columbiana

[edit] Centronia

[edit] Ceroxylon

[edit] Clusia

[edit] Eschweilera

[edit] Espeletia

[edit] Freziera

[edit] Grias

[edit] Guarea

[edit] Gustavia

[edit] Herrania

[edit] Huilaea

[edit] Inga

[edit] Lennoaceae

[edit] Magnolia

[edit] Mayna

[edit] Meriania

[edit] Metteniusa

[edit] Miconia

Miconia poecilantha

[edit] Oenocarpus

[edit] Orphanodendron

Orphanodendron bernalii

[edit] Parmentiera

Parmentiera stenocarpa

[edit] Passiflora

Passiflora tarminiana

[edit] Phytelephas

[edit] Pouteria

[edit] Pradosia

Pradosia cuatrecasasii

[edit] Prunus

[edit] Rinorea

[edit] Rollinia

[edit] Romeroa

Romeroa verticillata

[edit] Schoenocephalium

Inírida flower

[edit] Solanum

Solanum sibundoyense
Solanum betaceum (tamarillo)

[edit] Sphaerolejeunea

Sphaerolejeunea umbilicata

[edit] Streptosolen

Streptosolen jamesonii

[edit] Swartzia

[edit] Utricularia

[edit] Vantanea

Vantanea magdalenensis

[edit] Wettinia

[edit] Xylosma

Xylosma obovatum

[edit] Zamia

[edit] Zygia

Zygia lehmannii

[edit] Orchid species

Colombia has the largest number of orchids in the world. Among others:

Restrepia antennifera Orchi 02.jpg Restrepia antennifera	Restrepia aristulifera Orchi 01.jpg Restrepia aristulifera	Restrepia aspasicensium Orchi 01.jpg Restrepia aspasicensium	Restrepia brachypus Orchi 01.jpg Restrepia brachypus
Restrepia contorta Orchi 02.jpg Restrepia contorta	Restrepia cuprea Orchi 01.jpg Restrepia cuprea	Restrepia dodsonii Orchi 01.jpg Restrepia dodsonii	Restrepia elegans.jpg Restrepia elegans
Restrepia falkenbergii Orchi 01.jpg Restrepia falkenbergii	Restrepia flosculata Orchi 02.jpg Restrepia flosculata	Restrepia guttulata Orchi 01.jpg Restrepia guttulata	Restrepia iris Orchi 01.jpg [Restrepia iris
Restrepia lansbergii Orchi 01.jpg Restrepia lansbergii	Restrepia muscifera Orchi 01.jpg Restrepia muscifera	Restrepia nittiorhyncha Orchi 01.jpg Restrepia nittiorhyncha	Restrepia pandurata Orchi 01.jpg Restrepia pandurata
Restrepia roseola Orchi 01.jpg Restrepia roseola	Restrepia sanguinea Orchi 01.jpg Restrepia sanguinea	Restrepia teaguei Orchi 01.jpg Restrepia teaguei	Restrepia trichoglossa.jpg Restrepia trichoglossa
Restrepia wageneri Orchi 01.jpg Restrepia wageneri	Masdevallia agaster.jpg Masdevallia agaster	Masdevallia angulifera Orchi 01.jpg Masdevallia angulifera	Masdevallia barlaeana.jpg Masdevallia barlaeana
Masdevallia bicolor.jpg Masdevallia bicolor	Masdevallia bulbophyllopsis.jpg Masdevallia bulbophyllopsis	Masdevallia civilis.jpg Masdevallia civilis	Masdevallia caudata Orchi 01.jpg Masdevallia caudata
Masdevallia urosalpinx.jpg Masdevallia constricta	Masdevallia floribunda Orchi 03.jpg Masdevallia floribunda	Masdevallia fractiflexa.jpg Masdevallia fractiflexa	Masdevallia herradurae Orchi 05.jpg Masdevallia herradurae
Masdevallia ignea.jpg Masdevallia ignea	Masdevallia-mejiana.jpg Masdevallia mejiana	Masdevalliaventricosa2.jpg Masdevallia nidifica	Masdevallia rolfeana.jpg Masdevallia rolfeana
Masdevallia striatella.jpg Masdevallia striatella	Masdevallia tovarensis.jpg Masdevallia tovarensis	Masdevallia triangularis.jpg Masdevallia triangularis	Masdevalliaveitchiana.jpg Masdevallia veitchiana
Masdevalliaventricularia2.jpg Masdevallia ventricularia	Masdevallia pteroglossa.jpg Masdevallia wageneriana	Masdevallia weberbaueri OrchidsBln0906.jpg Masdevallia weberbaueri	Dracula chestertonii.jpg Dracula chestertonii
Dracula cordobae.jpg Dracula cordobae	Dracula houtteana.jpg Dracula houtteana	Dracula lotax toapel.jpg Dracula lotax	Dracula sodiroi.jpg Dracula sodiroi
Dracula vampira.jpg Dracula vampira	Pleurothallis racemiflora.jpg Pleurothallis racemiflora	Pleurothallis tubata.jpg Pleurothallis tubata	Oncidium-brunleesianum.jpg Oncidium brunleesianum
Oncidium cebolleta.jpg Oncidium cebolleta	Oncidium croesus.jpg Oncidium croesus	Oncidium pulvinatum.jpg Oncidium divaricatum	Oncidium floridanum.jpg Oncidium ensatum
Oncidium flexuosum.jpg Oncidium flexuosum	Oncidium forbesii.jpg Oncidium forbesii	Oncidium graminifolium.jpg Oncidium graminifolium	Oncidium harrisonianum.jpg Oncidium harrisonianum
Oncidium incurvum.jpg Oncidium incurvum	Oncidium obryzatum.jpg Oncidium klotzschianum	Oncidium macronix.jpg Oncidium longicornu	Oncidium longipes.jpg Oncidium longipes
Oncidium luridum.jpg Oncidium luridum	Oncidium nubigenum Orchi 01.jpg Oncidium nubigenum	Oncidium ochmatocilum.jpg Oncidium ochmatochilum	Oncidium ornithorhyncum.jpg Oncidium ornithorhynchum
Oncidium papilio 01.jpg Oncidium papilio	Oncidium phalaenopsis Orchi 01.jpg Oncidium phalaenopsis	Oncidium spacelatum1.jpg Oncidium sphacelatum	Oncidium splendidum0.jpg Oncidium splendidum
Oncidium varicosum.jpg Oncidium varicosum	Lemboglossum bictoniense.jpg Odontoglossum bictoniense ( Rhynchostele bictoniensis)	Odontoglossum cordatum01.jpg Odontoglossum cordatum ( Rhynchostele cordata)	Odontoglossum cruentum Orchi 01.jpg Odontoglossum cruentum
Odontoglossum grande Orchi 003.jpg Odontoglossum grande ( Rossioglossum grande)	Odontoglossum pulchellum Orchi 03.jpg Odontoglossum pulchellum ( Cuitlauzina pulchella)	Odontoglossum tenue Orchi 01.jpg Odontoglossum tenue	Gongora galeata OrchidsBln0906b.jpg Gongora galeata
Gongora ilense Orchi 01.jpg Gongora ilense	Gongora truncata semialba.jpg Gongora truncata	Stelis argentata.jpg Stelis argentata]]	Cattleya aclandiae Orchi 01.jpg Cattleya aclandiae
Cattleya aurantiaca.jpg Cattleya aurantiaca	Cattleya bicolor.jpg Cattleya bicolor	Cattleya bowringiana.jpg Cattleya bowringiana	Cattleya dowiana 1880.jpg Cattleya dowiana
Cattleya gaskelliana.jpg Cattleya gaskelliana	Cattleya guttata Orchi 05.jpg Cattleya guttata	Cattleya harrisoniana.jpg Cattleya harrisoniana	Cattleya intermedia.jpg Cattleya intermedia
Cattleya labiata.jpg Cattleya labiata	Cattleya loddigesii.jpg Cattleya loddigesii	Cattleya lueddemannia.jpg Cattleya lueddemanniana	Cattleya luteola.jpg Cattleya luteola
Cattleya maxima Orchi 01.jpg Cattleya maxima	Cattleya nobilor roseum OrchidsBln0906a.jpg Cattleya nobilior	Cattleya percevaliana.jpg Cattleya percivaliana	Cattleya skinneri0.jpg Cattleya skinneri
Cattleya violacea 3.jpg Cattleya violacea	Cattleya walkeriana.jpg Cattleya walkeriana	Cattleya warscewiczii.jpg Cattleya warscewiczii	Stanhopea hernandezii Orchi 001.jpg Anguloa brevilabris]]
Stanhopea anfracta Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea anfracta	Stanhopea annulata Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea annulata	Stanhopea candida Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea candida	Stanhopea cirrhata Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea cirrhata
Stanhopea connata Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea connata	Stanhopea costaricensis Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea costaricensis	Stanhopea ecornuta Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea ecornuta	Stanhopea embreei Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea embreei
Stanhopea florida Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea florida	Stanhopea frymirei Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea frymirei	Stanhopea gibbosa Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea gibbosa	Stanhopea grandiflora Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea grandiflora
Stanhopea xytriophora.jpg Stanhopea graveolens	Stanhopea haseloviana Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea haseloviana	Stanhopea hernandezii Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea hernandezii	Stanhopea impressa Orchi 002.jpg Stanhopea impressa
Stanhopea inodora Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea inodora	Stanhopea insignis Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea insignis	Stanhopea intermedia Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea intermedia	Stanhopea jenischiana Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea jenischiana
Stanhopea lietzei Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea lietzei	Stanhopea maculosa Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea maculosa	Stanhopea nigripes Orchi 002.jpg Stanhopea nigripes	Stanhopea oculata Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea oculata
Stanhopea platyceras Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea platyceras	Stanhopea pozoi Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea pozoi	Stanhopea pseudoradiosa Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea pseudoradiosa	Stanhopea pulla Orchi 003.jpg Stanhopea pulla
Stanhopea radiosa Orchi 002.jpg Stanhopea radiosa	Stanhopea reichenbachiana Orchi 002.jpg Stanhopea reichenbachiana	Stanhopea ruckeri Orchi 01.jpg Stanhopea ruckeri	Stanhopea saccata Orchi 01.jpg Stanhopea saccata
Stanhopea shuttleworthii Orchi 01.jpg Stanhopea shuttleworthii	Stanhopea stevensonii Orchi 01.jpg Stanhopea stevensonii	Stanhopea tigrina Orchi 01.jpg Stanhopea tigrina	Stanhopea tricornis Orchi 01.jpg Stanhopea tricornis
Stanhopea wardii Orchi 01.jpg Stanhopea wardii	Stanhopea warszewicziana Orchi 02.jpg Stanhopea warszewicziana	Stanhopea xytriophora Orchi 001.jpg Stanhopea xytriophora	Phragmipedium besseae.jpg Phragmipedium besseae
Phragmipedium czerwiakowianum Orchi 01.jpg Phragmipedium boissierianum	Phragmipedium caudatum Orchi 02.jpg Phragmipedium caudatum	Phragmipedium lindleyanum Orchi 02 .jpg Phragmipedium lindleyanum	Phragmipedilum longifolium Orchi 02.jpg Phragmipedium longifolium
Phragmipedium schlimii Orchi 02.jpg Phragmipedium schlimii	Phragmipedium warszewiczianum Orchi 02.jpg Phragmipedium warszewiczianum	Catasetum expansum Orchi 01.jpg Catasetum expansum	Catasetum fimbriatum Orchi 05.jpg Catasetum fimbriatum
Catasetum maculatum 1.jpg Catasetum maculatum	Catasetum pileatum Orchi 04.jpg Catasetum pileatum	Catasetum-saccatum.jpg Catasetum saccatum	Acineta chrysantha (1849).jpg Acineta chrysantha
Brassavola-cucullata1web.jpg Brassavola cucullata	Brassavola digbiana.jpg Brassavola digbyana	Brassavola flagellaris Orchi 04.jpg Brassavola flagellaris	Brassavola glauca.jpg Brassavola glauca
Brassavola nodosa.jpg Brassavola nodosa	Scaphosepalum swertifolium-detail.jpeg Scaphosepalum swertifolium	Aganisia cyanea Orchi 01.jpg Aganisia cyanea

[edit] Frondaria

Frondaria caulescens

[edit] Restrepia

See also: Fauna of Colombia, List of national parks of Colombia, and Environmental issues in Colombia

[edit] References

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Categories: Flora by country | Flora of Colombia