First Battle of Ypres

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First Battle of Ypres
Part of the Race to the Sea on the Western Front (World War I)
Date 19 October - 22 November 1914 Location Ypres, Belgium Result Decisive Allied victory
Combatants
Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Image:Imperial-India-Blue-Ensign.svg British India Image:Flag of France.svg France	Image:Flag of the German Empire.svg German Empire
Commanders
Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg John French Image:Flag of France.svg Ferdinand Foch	Image:Flag of the German Empire.svg Erich von Falkenhayn
Strength
UK: 7 infantry divisions, 3 cavalry divisions France: ?	Fourth and Sixth Armies
Casualties
UK: 58,000 France: 50,000	130,000

Race to the Sea
Albert – Arras – La Bassée – Messines – Armentières – 1st Ypres – Yser

The First Battle of Ypres, also called the Battle of Flanders, was the last major battle of the first year of World War I (1914). This battle and the Battle of the Yser marked the end of the so-called Race to the Sea.

The British Expeditionary Force, under the command of Field Marshal Sir John French, was redeployed north from the mobile fighting of the first two months of the war to join two divisions of reinforcements recently landed in Belgium. They advanced east from Saint-Omer, met and halted the German Army at the Passchendaele Ridge to the east of the Belgian town of Ypres. The Belgians opened the sluice gates of the river Yser to let in the sea into the low lying land to prevent further German advances^[1]. Both sides dug in for trench warfare. The town of Ypres was rapidly demolished by artillery and air attack.

The Germans called the battle "The Massacre of the Innocents" (in German Kindermord). Eight German units consisted of young volunteers, many of them enthusiastic students, and these units suffered huge casualties during a failed attack on a smaller but highly-experienced British force, many of them veterans of the Second Boer War. The BEF was supported for the first time by battalions from the Army of India and the British Territorials, whose support was essential in holding the Germans at bay. The BEF was severely weakened at First Ypres, but the battle allowed the Allies time to strengthen their lines. The British stand at Ypres played a crucial role in preventing a German victory in the West in 1914^[2].

In 1917, the Mons Star was awarded to those surviving British troops who had served in France or Belgium prior to the end of the First Battle of Ypres; the last surviving holder of this decoration, Alfred Anderson, died in November 2005.

Contents 1 See also 2 References 3 Further reading 4 External links

[edit] See also

• Second Battle of Ypres
• Third Battle of Ypres
• Fourth Battle of Ypres

[edit] References

[edit] Further reading

• [Historical Section (Military Branch), Committee of Imperial Defence, translated by G.C. Wynne] Ypres 1914: An Official Account Published by Order of the German General Staff Constable, 1919
• N. Gardner, Trial by Fire: Command and the British Expeditionary Force in 1914,Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication, 2003.

[edit] External links

• General Joffre's report on the battle
• Battles: The First Battle of Ypres, 1914

de:Flandernschlacht (1914)

fr:Première bataille d'Ypres hu:I. ypres-i csata it:Prima battaglia di Ypres nl:Eerste Slag om Ieper no:Det første slaget ved Ypres pl:Pierwsza bitwa pod Ypres