Fatherland

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Fatherland is the nation of one's "fathers", "forefathers" or "patriarchs". It can be viewed as a nationalist concept, insofar as it relates to nations. (Compare to motherland and homeland.)

Groups that refer to their native country as a "fatherland" (or rather, translations of this English word in their languages), or, arguably, associate it primarily with paternal concepts include:

Romans, Italians, Romanians, Spaniards, and Hispanic Latin Americans as Patria. It should be noted that there is a gender change in Spanish and Italian: Madre patria, or motherland is also used.

the Afrikaners as Vaderland.
the Armenians, as Hayrenik (as in the national anthem Mer Hayrenik, literally meaning Our Fatherland)
the Brazilians as Pátria.
the Bulgarians as Tatkovina and Otechestvo
the Czechs as otčina
the Danes as fædreland
the Estonians as isamaa
the French as patrie
the Finns as isänmaa
the Frisians as heitelân
the Georgians as Mamuli (მამული)
the Germans, as das Vaterland (as in the national anthem Das Lied der Deutschen)
the Greeks as patris, the root word for patriotism.
the Icelanders as Föðurland
the Indians as pitribhūmi (Sanskrit: पितृभूमि), although very, very rarely used, the word for motherland, Matrubhumi, being the exclusively used one.
the Jews as Eretz Ha'Avot (Hebrew: ארץ האבות‎)
the Kazakhs as atameken
the Lithuanians as tėvynė
the ethnic Macedonians as Tatkovina
the Dutch, as vaderland
the Norwegians as fedreland
the Poles, as Ojczyzna (but there is also macierz, that is Motherland, although it is seldom used)
the Portuguese as Pátria.
the Russians, as Otechestvo (отечество) or Otchizna (отчизна), although Rodina, that is ancestral land, is more common.
the Slovenians as Očetnjava, usage is regarded archaic, Domovina (home country) is used instead.
the Serbs as otadžbina (отаџбина)
the Spanish as patria
the Swedes as fäderneslandet, although fosterlandet is more common.
the Thais as pituphum (ปิตุภูมิ), the word is adapted from Sanskrit
the Tibetans as pha yul
the Turks as atavatan
the Ukrainians as bat'kivschina (батьківщина)
the Hungarians as hon or haza

[edit] German Usage

Note that das Vaterland is grammatically neuter, since the final word of the compound (Land) is neuter. Die Heimat (the homeland) is grammatically feminine. Vaterland has been used since the 12th century with the meaning "native country". An adjective vaterländisch has been used since the 18th century, meaning something like patriotic or nationalistic. Mutterland (motherland) means a mother country in contrast to its colonies.

[edit] English Usage and Nazi connotations

Drawing from the Nazis' usage of the term "Vaterland", the direct English translation "fatherland" featured in news reports associated with Nazi Germany and in domestic anti-Nazi propaganda during World War II. As a result, the English word is now associated with the Nazi government of Germany (unlike in Germany itself, where the word means simply "homeland") The word is not used often in post-World War II English unless one wishes to invoke the Nazis, or one is translating literally from a foreign language where that language's equivalent of "fatherland" does not bear Nazi connotations.

Prior to Nazism, however, the term was used throughout Germanic language countries without Nazi connotations, or often to refer to their homelands much as the word "motherland" does. For example, "Wien Neerlands bloed", national anthem of the Netherlands between 1815 and 1932, makes extensive and conspicuous use of the parallel Dutch word. In Iceland (and other places) it is the norm to use the term "fatherland" (föðurland) and may would be offended if it was in any way compared with the Nazi term of the word.