European People's Party–European Democrats
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| European People's Party –European Democrats | |
|---|---|
| Image:EPP-ED logo.svg | |
| Chairperson | Joseph Daul MEP |
| Founded | 1953 (as Christian Democrats) |
| Headquarters | Brussels |
| Membership | European People's Party |
| Official ideology/ political position | Christian democracy Conservatism Centre-Right |
| Official color(s) | Blue, Orange |
| Website | http://www.epp-ed.eu/ |
The European People's Party (Christian Democrats) and European Democrats (EPP-ED) is a political group of the European Parliament comprised of the European People's Party and the non-party subgroup European Democrats.
The group is a parliamentary group of Christian democrats and conservative MEPs. Most belong to the core People's Party, but the more eurosceptic conservative groups are in the European Democrat sub-group. The two groups were previously separate until 1992 when the latter parties, led by the British Conservative Party, joined the EPP as associates and then formed the Democrat subgroup. The European Democrats should not be confused with the centrist European Democratic Party or the nationalist EUDemocrats
Since the 1999 election when it won 268 of the 732 seats, the EPP-ED has been the largest party in the European Parliament. Since the accession of Bulgaria and Romania to the EU in January 2007, it now has 277 of the 785 seats (35%). The present chair of the group is Joseph Daul MEP, elected in 2007 after the previous chair, Hans-Gert Pöttering, was elected President of the European Parliament.
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[edit] History
The present-day EPP-ED group began life as the Christian Democrat group, founded with the establishment of the Common Assembly in 1952. The European People's Party was founded in 1976 which became the core of the group, renamed after the new party, and in 1992 it took in eurosceptic parties from the former European Democrats. It renamed itself to its present name following the 1999 elections where for the first time since elections began in 1979 it became the largest party in Parliament.
[edit] Early development
The Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community first met on 1952-09-10, the next day saw the unofficial founding of the Christian Democratic group with Maan Sassen as President. The group held 38 of the 78 seats, two short of an absolute majority. On 1932-06-23 the founding document of the group was published, it then held 40 members. From 1954 to 1962 the Presidents of the Assembly all belonged to this group. The Assembly eventually became the European Parliament and covered all three European Communities.[1] The Luxembourg compromise of 1966 set out a right of national veto, which was never accepted by the Christian Democrat Group.[2] On 1973-01-01 the Community enlarges for the first time to Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom. The Irish Fine Gael join the Christian Democrats, however the British Conservative and Danish Conservative parties form the own group, the "European Conservative Group" (later the European Democrats). In 1973 Alfred Bertand is elected chairman of the Christian-Democratic Group.[3] On 1976-04-29 the European People's Party is founded by seven Christian Democrat parties in Brussels: the German CDU/CSU, Belgian PSC and CVP, French CDS, Irish Fine Gael, Italian DC, Luxembourgish CSV and Dutch KPV und CHU and ARP. In 1977 CD member Emilio Colombo is elected President of the Parliament and on 5 May Egon Klepsch is elected chair of the CD Group. The following year the group changes its name to the "Christian-Democratic Group (Group of the European People's Party)".[3]
[edit] Elections
The first Parliamentary elections are held on 7-1979-06-10 with the EPP Group winning 107 seats from 32.8 million votes (29.6%). They were second behind the Socialist Group who won 112 seats but held a lower share of the vote 29.5 million (26.6%). Following the election the group changes its name to the "Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrat Group)" and supported the election of Simone Veil MEP as the Parliament's first female President.[3]
In 1981, following Greece's accession to the Community, the Greek Nea Demokratia join the EPP making the EPP 117 MEPs strong. Paolo Barbi is elected EPP Chairman on 1982-01-20. The second Parliamentary elections, the EPP win 110 seats and on 1984-07-24, EPP MEP Pierre Pflimlin is elected President of the Parliament. In 1986 Portugal and Spain join the Community, the EPP grows by 9 members to 119 with the Portuguese CDS, the Spanish UCF, UDC and PNV as well as a single French MEP who joined later that year.[4]
In 1987 the Single European Act comes into force the People's Party begin co-operation with the Socialist Group in order to generate the majorities demanded under the cooperation procedure. In the third Parliamentary elections, the EPP win 122 seats. These include those of the Spanish Partido Popular which had crossed from the European Democrats to join the EPP.[4] On 1992-01-14, the chair of the EPP Group, Egon Klepsch, is elected President of the Parliament, Leo Tindemans succeeds him as chair of the EPP.[5]
[edit] European Democrats
On 1992-05-01 the British Conservatives, Danish Conservatives and some French UDF MEPs join the EPP group as allied members (dissolving the European Democrats group) enlarging the group to 162 members. A further four UDF MEPs cross from ELDR to the EPP later in the year. In 1994 the Committee of the Regions is established and the People's Party establish a group of 85 members in that body under Jos Chabert (Belgian CVP). Later that year on the 9 to 12 of June the fourth Parliamentary elections were held with the People's Party winning 125 seats, with 157 including the British, Danish and French MEPs who had joined the group in 1992. They elect Wilfried Martens as Chair of the group.[5]
With the accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden in 1995, the EPP grows by sixteen MEPs as five new parties from those states join: the Austrian Österreichische Volkspartei, the Swedish Kristdemokratiska Samhällspartiet (now called Kristdemokraterna) and Moderata Samlingspartiet (Moderaterna), the Finnish Kansallinen Kokoomus and the Danish Konservative Folkepart. In 1996 the Portuguese PSD join the People's Party, enlarging the EPP group to 180 MEPs and in 1997, EPP MEP José María Gil-Robles is elected President of the European Parliament. In June 1998, Forza Italia join the EPP group.[5]
In 1999 during the budget crisis, the People's Party withdrew support from the Commission at an early state and, while it was seen at first as a political move again PES ahead of the 1999 elections, it was instrumental in bringing down the Santer Commission.[6] When the elections were held, on the 10-1999-06-13, the EPP won 233 seats making it the largest party in Parliament. The Socialists had held only 180 seats. Hans-Gert Pöttering is elected Chair and the group is renamed as the "Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) and European Democrats". Members of the RPR (Gaullist) Party ally to the group and EPP MEP Nicole Fontaine is elected President of the European Parliament.[5]
[edit] Recent history
The French RPR and Italian UDEUR joined the EPP on 2001-12-06 with the Hungarian MDF becoming an associate member. A year later on 2002-11-17 the French UMP is founded becoming a member of the EPP. On 20 December of that year Otto von Habsburg MEP becomes the first honorary member of the group following a formal celebration of his birthday by the EPP–ED on 20 November.[7]
Pending the 2004 enlargement of the European Union, observers from the new countries join the Parliament and 69 parties associated to the EPP–ED group are welcomed in an official ceremony by the group. The following elections on 10-2004-06-13 sees a second EPP–ED victory gaining 278 members. It is also the only group in Parliament to have MEPs from every European Union member state and to have more than 200 members. The following month the Czech SNK–ED join the EPP and the ED group is joined by the Czech ODS, Portugese Partido Popular and Italian Partito Pensionati. In 2006 the independent Lars Wohlin MEP joins, at this point there are 264 members.[7]
In 2006, the new leader of the British Conservatives, David Cameron, stated his intention to take his part out of the EPP–ED group and form their own, more eurosceptic, grouping. He needs to assemble 20 MEPs from six countries but his main ally, the Czech Civic Democratic Party, has indicated it would not leave until after the 2009 elections.[8]
As per the coalition deal struck with the Socialist Party in 2004, Hans-Gert Pöttering is elected President of the Parliament with Joseph Daul succeeding him as EPP–ED chair. 2007 also sees new parties from Romania and Bulgaria joining the group bringing it to 278 members: the Bulgarian UDF, DSB, DP and GERB and Romanian PD, DP, UDMR and DRDR.[7]
[edit] Historical leaders
Chairpersons of the parliamentary group and its predecessors from 1953 onwards;[9]
| Chairperson | State | National party | Term | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Maan Sassen | Image:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands | Katholieke Volkspartij (Catholic People's Party) | 1953 | 1958 |
| 2. | Pierre Wigny | Image:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium | Parti Social-Chrétien (Social Christian Party) | 1958 | 1958 |
| 3. | Alain Poher | Image:Flag of France.svg France | Mouvement Républicain Populaire (Popular Republican Movement) | 1958 | 1966 |
| 4. | Joseph Illerhaus | Image:Flag of Germany.svg West Germany | Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Christian Democratic Union of Germany) | 1966 | 1969 |
| 5. | Hans Lücker | Image:Flag of Germany.svg West Germany | Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Christian Democratic Union of Germany) | 1969 | 1975 |
| 6. | Alfred Bertrand | Image:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium | Christelijke Volkspartij (Christian People's Party) | 1975 | 1977 |
| 7. | Egon Klepsch | Image:Flag of Germany.svg West Germany | Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Christian Democratic Union of Germany) | 1977 | 1982 |
| 8. | Paolo Barbi | Image:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Democrazia Cristiana (Christian Democracy) | 1982 | 1984 |
| * | Egon Klepsch (2nd term) | Image:Flag of Germany.svg West Germany Image:Flag of Germany.svg Germany | Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Christian Democratic Union of Germany) | 1984 | 1992 |
| 9. | Leo Tindemans | Image:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium | Christelijke Volkspartij (Christian People's Party) | 1992 | 1994 |
| 10. | Wilfried Martens | Image:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium | Christelijke Volkspartij (Christian People's Party) | 1994 | 1999 |
| 11. | Hans-Gert Pöttering | Image:Flag of Germany.svg Germany | Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Christian Democratic Union of Germany) | 1999 | 2007 |
| 12. | Joseph Daul | Image:Flag of France.svg France | Union pour un Mouvement Populaire (Union for a Popular Movement) | 2007 | present |
[edit] Organisation
The group is primarily based around the European People's Party, the first trans-national European political party. The remaining members sit as the European Democrats attached to the group. The Group is represented by its chairman, currently Joseph Daul MEP, who speaks for the group in debates and chairs the governing body. The governing body is a presidency of ten vice-chairpersons including a treasure. He is supported by co-ordinators on each of the committees of the European Parliament and its delegations (in which the group is well represented due to its size). The group is supported by a secretariat and it also runs a think tank, the European Ideas Network.[10]
Due to the party's large weight in Parliament, it has had considerable influence over proceedings. Since it began co-operating with the Party of European Socialists the two groups have dominated Parliament as a grand coalition. Combined the two have continuously held between 50 and 70 percent of seats,[11] however voting in Parliament is increasingly split between left and right[12] and in 1999 the two parties took on a government-opposition over the Santer Commission crisis.[6]
[edit] Current MEPs
The EPP-ED Group is currently made up of parliamentarians from the following parties (as of October 2007). Members from the EPP are in white and members of the ED are in grey;[13][14][15]
[edit] See also
- Political parties of the world
- Members of the European Parliament 2004-2009
- Movement for European Reform
[edit] References
- ^ EPP-ED Chronology - 1951-1960. EPP-ED Group website. Retrieved on 2007-11-07.
- ^ EPP-ED Chronology - 1961-1970. EPP-ED Group website. Retrieved on 2007-11-07.
- ^ a b c EPP-ED Chronology - 1971-1980. EPP-ED Group website. Retrieved on 2007-11-07.
- ^ a b EPP-ED Chronology - 1981-1990. EPP-ED Group website. Retrieved on 2007-11-07.
- ^ a b c d EPP-ED Chronology - 1991-2000. EPP-ED Group website. Retrieved on 2007-11-07.
- ^ a b Ringer, Nils F. (February 2003). The Santer Commission Resignation Crisis (PDF). University of Pittsburgh. Retrieved on 2007-10-07.
- ^ a b c EPP-ED Chronology - 2001-2007. EPP-ED Group website. Retrieved on 2007-11-07.
- ^ Mulvey, Stephen (2006-07-11). Tories urged to make EPP split. BBC News. Retrieved on 2007-11-07.
- ^ Chairmen of the group. EPP-ED Group website. Retrieved on 2007-11-07.
- ^ What is the EPP-ED Group. EPP-ED Group website. Retrieved on 2007-11-07.
- ^ Kreppel, Amie (2002). The European Parliament and Supranational Party System (PDF). Cambridge University Press. Retrieved on 2007-06-12.
- ^ Professor Farrell: "The EP is now one of the most powerful legislatures in the world". European Parliament (2007-06-18). Retrieved on 2007-07-05.
- ^ MEPs by Member State and political group – sixth parliamentary term. Europa (web portal). Retrieved on 2007-11-07.
- ^ The European Democrats Member Parties. EPP-ED Group website. Retrieved on 2007-11-07.
- ^ EPP Members. EPP website. Retrieved on 2007-11-07.
[edit] External links
- EPP-ED Group official site
- European People's Party official site
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