Erode
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| ?Erode Tamil Nadu • India | |
| Coordinates: | |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Area • Elevation | 15,600 km² (6,023 sq mi) • 183 m (600 ft) |
| District(s) | Erode District |
| Population • Density | Around 5 Lakhs (2006) • 283/km² (733/sq mi) |
| Codes • Pincode • Telephone • Vehicle | • 638 • +424 • TN 33 |
| Website: www.erode.com | |
Coordinates: Erode (pronounced e-road-u, ஈரோடு(e-rodu) in Tamil) is one among the municipal corporations of tamil nadu and the headquarters of Erode district, Tamil nadu, India. It is situated on the western bank of the river Kaveri between 121 ° 19.5" and 11 ° 81.05" North latitude and 77 ° 42.5" and 77 ° 44.5" East longitude. It has a population of about five lakhs. Agriculture and textiles play an important role in its economy. It is the 8th largest urban agglomeration in the state of Tamil Nadu.
The region is a long undulating plain gently sloping towards the river Kaveri in the south-east and its three major tributaries namely, Bhavani, Noyyal and Amaravathy, which drain the long stretch of mountains in the north. A part of the eastern boundary of the district is formed by river Kaveri, entering the district from Salem and flowing towards south.
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[edit] History
Erode was under the regime of local Gangakulam kings of Gounder (caste) forming indegenous Chera kings and Western Ganga Dynasty. After a short rule of Cholas with Dharapuram as their Headquarters, Muslims (Modeen Sulthans) took over the rule after which Nayaks of Madurai ruled. Then Hyder Ali and Tippu Sultan with occasionally rebelling polygar Dheeran Chinnamalai Gounder had their sway. In 1799, when Tippu fell to the British, British East India Company took over the administration after hanging Chinnamalai by deceit.
During Hyder Ali's regime, Erode flourished with 300 houses and A population of 1500. A mud fort, with a garrison of 4000 soldiers surrounded by coconut groves and fertile lands formed the boundary with river Kaveri on the north and Kalingarayan channel as the eastward boundary (By Bucchanan 7th and 8 November 1800).
Owing to the successive wars of Marathas, Mysore and British invasions, Erode become almost deserted and ruined. However, as peace was restored by the British, people returned and settled here. Within a year it began to grow with 400 houses, and a population of 2000. The garrison withdrew in 1807, and the ruined fort was leveled as a relief work during the famine in 1877. The place enclosed within the rampart was occupied by the houses. About a mile and half east of the town, there is an old bridge which spans the river Kaveri. The wall at "Pechiparai" situated at the present V.O.C.Park was once celebrated for its "wholesome and milky water". There are two old temples - one dedicated to Lord Siva and the other to Lord Vishnu.
Erode District was a part of Coimbatore and has its history intervened with Coimbatore district. It is difficult to separately deal with the history of Erode region. Together with Coimbatore district, Erode formed part of the ancient Kongu country known as "Kongu Nadu", whose history dates back to the Sangam era. It is found that in the early days, this area was occupied by tribes, most prominent among them being the "Kosars" reportedly having their headquarters at 'Kosamputhur' which is believed to have in due course become Coimbatore. These tribes were overpowered by the Rashtrakutas from whom the region fell into the hands of the Cholas who ruled supreme during the time of Raja Raja Chola. On the decline of Cholas, the Kongunadu came to be occupied by the Chalukyas and later by the Pandyas and Hoysalas.
Due to internal dissension in the Pandian Kingdom, the Muslim rulers from Delhi interfered and thus the area fell into the hands of Madurai Sultanate. This region was later wrested by Vijaya Nagar rulers after over throwing the Madurai Sultanate. For a few years, the area remained under Vijaya Nagar rule and later under the independent control of Madurai Nayakas. The rule of Muttu Virappa Nayak and later that of Thirumalai Nayak were marked by internal strife and intermittent wars which ruined the Kingdom. As a result of this, the Kongu region in which the present Erode District is situated, fell into the hands of the Mysore rulers from whom Hyder Ali took over the area. Later, consequent of the fall of Tippu Sultlan of Mysore in 1799, the Kongu region came to be coded to the East India Company by the Maharaja of Mysore who was restored to power by the company after defeating Tippu Sulltan. From then, till 1947 when India attained independence, the area remained under British control who initiated systematic revenue administration in the area.
Purana says that Erode derives its name from Tamil Eera Odu meaning wet skull. According to the legends, Dakshaprajapathi, father-in-law of Shiva, conducted a yaga for which Shiva was not invited. However, his wife, Dakshayini came against the wishes of her husband. However, Dakshayini was heart-broken as she was not welcomed by her parents. She threw herself to the fire in the Yaga kundam and burnt to ashes. On hearing this, Shiva got enraged and threw everyone including Brahma to the fire in kundam. The skulls and bones were thrown in River Kaveri and has remained wet since. The holy water of kapala theertham can be found today at Arudra Kapaleeswarar Koil temple in Erode.
Mordern Dravidian historians including Periyar contend that Erode has its origin in Tamil Eru Odai meaning two rivers. This claim is based on the existence of two water courses, Perumpallam in Surampatti and Kalingarayan in Karungalpalayam and Vairapalayam , themselves distinct settlements.
[edit] Profile
[edit] Jurisdictional Changes
Erode District came into being as a result of the bifurcation of Coimbatore District, through the G.O.Ms.No.1917, Revenue dated 31.08.1979. Bhavani, Dharapuram, Erode and Sathyamangalam taluks were included in Coimbatore district which had a composite character, at the beginning of the century. Of these, Sathyamangalam Taluk was renamed as Gobichettipalayam taluk retaining Sathyamangalam as a sub-taluk. In 1975, Sathyamangalam sub-taluk was upgraded into a taluk. In 1979 Perundurai Sub Taluk was upgraded into taluk and 1981 Kangayam Sub Taluk was upgraded in;to taluk. These seven taluks were grouped together to constitute the new district of Erode.
Now Erode District consists of 7 taluks viz., Sathyamangalam, Bhavani, Gobichettipalayam, Perundurai, Erode, Kangayam and Dharapuram. There are 5 Municipalities in the district viz., Sathyamangalam, Bhavani, Gobichettipalayam, Erode and Dharapuram. There are 59 Town Panchayats and 3 Village Panchayats declared as Census Town as per Census2001 and 539 Revenue Villages. There are 20 Community Development Blocks in the district.
[edit] Location & Boundaries
Erode, a special grade Municipal Town is located at a distance of 100 km. East of Coimbatore and is situated on the bank of river Cauvery between 11 ° 19.5" and 11 ° 81.05" North latitude and 77 ° 42.5" and 77 ° 44.5" East latitude. Erode local planning area extends over an area of 76.21Sq km with the population of about 5 lakhs (Town) and about 30 Lakhs (District) as per 2006 (estimated).It is the eight largest town in Tamilnadu next to Tirupur. It has an average elevation of 183 metres (600 feet)
Erode District lies on the extreme north of Tamil Nadu. It is bounded mostly by Karnataka State and also River Palar covers pretty long distance. To the East lies Namakkal and Karur Districts. Dindigal District is its immediate neighbour to the South and on the West, it has Coimbatore and Nilgiri Districts, as its boundaries. Thus Erode District is essentially a land-locked area having no sea-cost of its own.
[edit] Geology
The soils are mostly red sand and gravel with moderate amounts of red-loam and occasional black loam tracts. Vast stretches of the upland regions are mostly and gravelly. Red-loam occurs mostly in land under Kalingarayan channel and in beds of tanks in Erode town and to some lesser extent in the valleys in Perundurai and Dharapuram. It also occurs in the hilly tracts of Bhavani.
Soils of Bhavani, Erode, Dharapuram and Perundurai are chiefly gravelly, stony and sandy of the red variety. Soils of Gobichettipalayam and Sathyamangalam taluks are mostly of the red sandy variety. Red loam is prevalent mostly in Gobichettipalayam and Perundurai taluks
[edit] Climate
Erodein general is characterised with a scandy rainfall and a dry climate. Maximum rainfall is recorded in Gobichettipalayam and Bhavani. The Palghat gap in the Western Ghats, which has a soothing effect in the climate of Coimbatore District, does not render much help in bringing down the dry climate in this area. The cool-wind that gushes out of the west coast through Palghat gap looses its coolness and becomes dry by the time it crosses Coimbatore district and reaches Erode region.
Erode District has dry weather throughout except during the monsoon season. Generally the first two months of the year are pleasant, but in March, Mercury gains an upward trend which persists till the end of May. Highest temperature is normally recorded during May. The scandy showers during this period do not provide any relief to the oppressive heat. There is a light improvement in the climate during June-August period. During this pre-monsoon period, the mercury reverses its trend and by September, the sky gets overcast heavily but the rains are meagre. North-east monsoon sets in vigorously only during October-November and by December, the rains disappear rendering the climate clear but pleasant.
[edit] Land Use
The extent of the Erode local planning area is 76.21 Sq.km Developed land within the local planning area constitutes 13.44% of total area. The developed area in the municipal area alone constitutes 83.25% of total municipal area.
Commercial area has been developed along the road side in all major roads, in municipal area along Kongan road near the southern boundary of the local planning area, mainly the commercial area in Erode town is concentrated near the junction of Brough road and auchery road and Bazaar area.
In Erode town, the industries users are found along the Nethaji road. Most of the industries are located outside the municipal limits. The industrially developed Perundurai road is near the fringe of Erode town road. Some industrial development is also found along Sathy road. The industries that are located within the Erode town belong to mainly oil and rice mills and allied trades, such as engg, works, automobiles and power looms. The industries such as dyeing and power loom textiles are predominant in LPA. Industries belonging to Dhal mill, Cotton textiles, Vanaspathy manufacturing, wax and screen printing, powerloom, sizing, wraping and printing press are also found in and around Erode town. Within the town the industrial unit occupies 6 .69% of the town area. Whereas the industrial as a whole covers 136 hectares and accounts for 1.80 % of the Erode LPA.
[edit] Industries
Erode district is one among the industrially developing districts. Industry and Trade occupy a place of prominence in the economy of the district. Industries that flourished in early days in and around Erode area were handloom weaving and carpet manufacturing. The advent of modern era has changed these industries to some extent and the powerloom weaving is slowly replacing it. There are 24189 registered SSI units as on 31.12.2000 in the district besides 59 Large Scale Units.
The district has high concentration of powerloom & Handloom weaving, Rice milling, Edible oil expelling units. The other industries are Tanneries, Chemical & Plastic Products, Paper Products, Basic Metal Products industries etc.
Erode is a major Railway town and is home to the largest Diesel and Electric locomotive sheds in Southern Railway, and both these locomotive shed put together house more than 300 locomotives. Locomotives from Erode sheds haul trains all over India
[edit] Agriculture
Erode District in Tamil Nadu State is very important market centre for Turmeric. Turmeric is received, not only from Erode district, but also from the other parts of Tamil Nadu and adjoining district like Mysore in Karnataka State. Daily Turmeric market rate is updated in the website www.agmarknet.nic.in
Erode is well known for marketing of textile products of Handloom, Powerloom and Readymade Garments. The Handloom and Powerloom products such as Cotton Sarees, Bed Spreads, Carpets, Lungies, Printed Fabrics, Towels, Dhotis are marketed here in bulk.
Kangeyam is famous for Bulls and Oil Mills. Kangeyam cows are not noted for their yield but their availability in large numbers has helped the district to make a mark in the field of dairy development
[edit] Places of interest
- Thindal - 5 km from Erode, well known for real estate, temple of Lord Muruga.
- Bhavanisagar Dam, Erode
- Dharapuram
- Thanthai Periyar Memorial House, E.V.R Street, Erode
- Chennimalai - 20 km from Erode, well known town for Handloom Clothes, temple of Lord Muruga.
- Vellode - 15 km from Erode - Birds Sanctuary
- Bhavani - 15 km from Erode - Confluence of rivers Bhavani and Cauvery,
- Kodumudi-35 km from Erode - small town on the banks of river Cauvery with lot of temples
- Bannari Amman Temple located at Sathyamangalam
- Kodiveri-located near gobichetipalayam, popularly known for cine shootings.
- Gobichettipalayam-well known for cine shootings, famous temples including Pariyur Amman Temple, which is entirely built by marble stone.
- Sathyamangalam forest sactuary for wild animals
- Kangayam -Sivan Hills(Lord Muruga Temple)- 45 KM from Erode
- SRI AUROBINDO MEDITATION CENTRE ,KUTTAPPALAYAM,NATHAKADIYUR ,KANGAYAM T.K ERODE-638108
- V.O.C park,Erode
[edit] Education
Erode is primarily an industrial and Agricultural Area. Same way the people in this generation show much importance to the Education also. Due to this Erode has developed as an educational hub. A lot of people from all over the country (especially South India) come and do their higher education in this area. All this growth can be attributed to the high entrepreneurial skills of the people from this area.
i. Universities NIL
ii. Arts and Science Colleges 19
iii. Medical Colleges 1 Perundurai Medical College.
a.Medicine
1. Allopathy 1
2. Indian Medicine NIL
3. Homoeopathy NIL
b. Engineering Colleges 7
c. Agriculture Colleges NIL
d. Veterinary Colleges NIL
e. Law Colleges NIL
iv. Colleges for Special Education NIL
v. Pre-Primary Schools 106
vi. Primary Schools 1508
vii. Middle Schools 176
viii. High Schools 130
ix. Higher Secondary Schools 132
x. Teachers Training Colleges 1 perundurai
[edit] Health Care Organizations
Huge number of Health care organizations are available in the city. Also there are several Ambulance service providers are available to help the people for emergency.
Health Care
[edit] Connectivity
The Erode Junction is one of the important and busiest railway junctions of the state since it is between Chennai, Coimbatore and Bangalore. It connects almost all the parts of Tamilnadu. Plenty of trains to other states also passes through the junction. The nearest international airport is at Coimbatore, which is about 90Km away from Erode.
Tamilnadu State Transport Corporation has an head quarters in Erode. The Central Bus terminus of the city is one of the biggest of the state. It can home about 500 buses at a time. The roadway connects all the parts of the state with the town. Plenty of Town buses are plying to connect all the parts.
Also there are many of the private travel agents functioning in the city.
[edit] Demographics
As of 2001, the Indian census [1] indicates that Erode had a population of 151,184. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Erode has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 72%. In Erode, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.
[edit] References
- ^ Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns. (Provisional). Census Commission of India. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
[edit] External links
Municipal Corporations in Tamil Nadu |
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Chennai · Coimbatore · Madurai · Tiruchirapalli · Salem · Tirunelveli · Tirupur · Erode |
bpy:এরোডে nl:Erode (stad) new:एरोड ja:イーロードゥ pt:Erode simple:Erode sv:Erode ta:ஈரோடு
