Ernie Kovacs

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Ernie Kovacs (b. Ernest Edward Kovacs, January 23, 1919, Trenton, New Jersey; d. January 13, 1962, Los Angeles, California), was an American comedian whose uninhibited, often ad-libbed, and visually experimental comic style came to influence numerous television comedy programs for years after his tragic, early death in an automobile accident. Such later, iconoclastic shows as Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In, Monty Python's Flying Circus, The Uncle Floyd Show, and Saturday Night Live and TV hosts like David Letterman [1] are seen as bearing Kovacs's influence.

Contents

[edit] Early Life and Career

Born to parents of Hungarian descent, Kovacs was influenced deeply by his Trenton Central High School drama teacher, Harold Van Kirk, and thus went to acting school after his 1937 graduation. His first paid entertainment work was as a disc jockey on Trenton's WTTM radio, which led eventually to his first television job (1949-1950), a show called Three to Get Ready, at NBC's Philadelphia affiliate, WPTZ.

[edit] Visual Humor, Characters

At WPTZ, Kovacs first began to use the ad-libbed and experimental style that would come to make his reputation, including video effects, superimpositions, reverse polarities and scanning, and quick blackouts. He was also noted for abstraction and carefully-timed non-sequitur and for carefully allowing the so-called "fourth wall" to be breached by having cameras show his viewers activity past the show set---including crew members and, on occasion, outside the studio itself. Kovacs also liked talking to the off-camera crew and even introduced segments from the studio control room.

Image:Ernie milktable.jpg
The famous "tilted table" routine

Kovacs helped develop camera tricks still common almost fifty years after his death, one of which became one of his signature gags: his character, Eugene, sitting at a table to eat his lunch, removing items one at a time from a lunch box, and letting them roll down the table "mysteriously" to a man reading a newspaper at the other end, while Kovacs poured milk from a thermos bottle in a seemingly unusual direction. Never seen on television before Kovacs tried it, the gag's secret was using a tilted table in front of a camera tilted to the same angle.

Kovacs constantly sought new techniques and used both primitive and improvised ways of creating visual effects that would be done electronically after his time. One such innovative gag involved attaching a kaleidoscope to a camera lens with cardboard and tape, and setting the resulting abstract images to music. Another involved Kovacs---an inveterate cigar smoker---sitting in an easy chair, reading his newspaper, smoking his cigar, and removing it from his mouth to exhale white smoke. The trick: He was made to seem underwater, with the smoke turning out to be a small amount of milk with which he filled his mouth before "submerging."

He also developed such routines as an all-gorilla version of Swan Lake; a poker game set to Beethoven's Fifth Symphony; The Nairobi Trio, three derby-hatted apes miming mechanically to the tune "Solfeggio"; the Silent Show, in which a nerdy character interacts with the world accompanied solely by music and sound effects; parodies of typical television commercials and movie genres; and various musical segments with everyday items (such as kitchen appliances or office equipment) moving in sync to music.

Kovacs could use extended sketches and mood pieces or quick blackout gags lasting only seconds. Some of these could be expensive, such as his famous used car salesman routine with a jalopy and a breakaway floor---it cost a reported $50,000 to produce the six-second gag. He was also one of the first television comedians to use odd fake credits and comments between the legitimate credits and, at times, during his routines.

Image:Kovacsmontage.jpg
Some of the many faces of Ernie Kovacs

His most familiar characters included fey, lisping poet Percy Dovetonsils; German disc jockey Wolfgang von Sauerbraten; horror show host Auntie Gruesome; bumbling magician Matzoh Heppelwhite; Miklos Molnar, the sardonic Hungarian host of a cooking show; Frenchman Pierre Ragout; the silent character Eugene (above); and Mr. Question Man, who would answer queries supposedly sent in by viewers.

Kovacs's television programs included Three to Get Ready; Time for Ernie (1951); Ernie in Kovacsland (also 1951); The Ernie Kovacs Show (1952-1953; 1955-1956); a twice-a-week job filling in for Steve Allen as host of The Tonight Show (1956-57); and, a game show, Take a Good Look (1959-1961).

He also did several television specials, including the famous Silent Show (1959)---featuring his character, Eugene, the first all-pantomime prime-time network program---and a series of monthly half-hour specials for ABC in 1961-62. The latter---shot on videotape, using new editing and special effects techniques---are often considered his best television work; he won an Emmy Award for the 1961 series.

But what made Kovacs unique may also have been what made him a hard sell to television viewers used to situation comedies and variety shows. Considered ahead of his time, and having a cult following at best, Kovacs rarely had a highly-rated show. His friend Jack Lemmon was once quoted as saying no one ever understood Kovacs's work because "he was always 15 years ahead of everyone else."

"The existence of these separate shows is testament to both the success and failure of Ernie Kovacs," says the Museum of Broadcast Communications. "A brilliant and innovative entertainer, he was a failure as a popular program host; praised by critics, he was avoided by viewers . . . The Ernie Kovacs shows were products of the time when television was in its infancy and experimentation was acceptable. It is doubtful that Ernie Kovacs would find a place on television today. He was too zany, too unrestrained, too undisciplined. Perhaps Jack Gould of The New York Times said it best for Ernie Kovacs, 'the fun was in trying'."

[edit] The Music Man

Kovacs loved music and its humor possibilities alike, and he was known for eclectic musical taste. His main theme song was called "Oriental Blues," by Jack Newlon, which borrows heavily from "Rialto Ripples Rag", a quirky piano number by George Gershwin. The German song "Die Moritat von Mackie Messer" from The Threepenny Opera (a song later anglicized to the well-known "Mack the Knife"), frequently underscored his blackout routines. Robert Maxwell's "Solfeggio" became associated closely enough with the derby-hatted apes that it became better known among his admirers as "The Song of The Nairobi Trio".

An unusual treatment of "Sentimental Journey" by Mexican bandleader Juan García Esquivel accompanied video of an empty office in which various items (pencil sharpeners, water coolers, wall clocks) seem to come to life in rhythm to the music, a variation on several famous animations of a decade earlier. Kovacs also made careful use of singer Leona Anderson---who had somewhat less than a classic or even serviceable voice, in some estimations---in comic songs.

Kovacs used classical music as background for silent sketches or abstract visual routines, including "Concerto for Orchestra" by Béla Bartók; music from the opera "The Love of Three Oranges" by Sergei Prokofiev; the finale of Igor Stravinsky's suite "The Firebird"; and, Richard Strauss' "Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks." He may have been most familiar for using Haydn's "String Quartet, Opus 3, Number 5" (the "Serenade," actually composed by Roman Hoffstetter[1]), which was used in a series of commercials he filmed for Dutch Masters.

But he also served as host on a jazz LP to benefit the American Cancer Society in 1957, Listening to Jazz with Ernie Kovacs, a 15-minute recording featuring some of the giants of the art, including pianists Jimmy Yancey and Bunk Johnson, soprano saxophonist Sidney Bechet, guitarist Django Reinhardt, composer/pianist/bandleader Duke Ellington, and longtime Ellington trumpeter Cootie Williams. Both the Library of Congress and the National Library of Canada have copies of this recording in their respective collections.

[edit] First Marriage

Kovacs married his first wife, Bette Wilcox, on August 13, 1945. When the marriage ended, he fought for custody of their children, Elizabeth 'Bette' and Kip Raleigh 'Kippie'. The courts awarded Kovacs full custody upon determining that his former wife was mentally unstable. This decision was extremely unusual at the time, setting a legal precedent. Wilcox subsequently kidnapped the children, taking them to Florida. After a long and expensive search, Kovacs regained custody.

[edit] Second marriage

Image:Ernieandedie.jpg
Ernie and Edie in an early NBC show

Kovacs married actress and singer Edie Adams on September 12, 1954 in Mexico City. The ceremony was presided over by former New York City mayor William O'Dwyer, and performed in Spanish, which neither Kovacs nor Adams understood; O'Dwyer had to prompt each to say "Si" at the "I do" portion of the vows. Adams, who had a very white-bread middle-class upbringing in suburban New Jersey, was smitten by Kovacs's quirky way; the couple remained together until his death. (Adams later said about Kovacs, "He treated me like a little girl, and I loved it -- Women's Lib be damned!").

The couple had one daughter, Mia Susan Kovacs born June 20, 1959; Adams also supported Kovacs's struggle to reclaim his two older children after their kidnapping by their mother. But she also became a frequent partner on his television shows, including participating in Nairobi Trio routines. Kovacs usually introduced or addressed her in a businesslike way, as "Edith Adams"; Adams was usually willing to do anything he envisioned, whether singing seriously, performing impersonations (including a well-regarded impression of Marilyn Monroe), or taking a pie in the face or a pratfall if and when needed.

[edit] Writing, TV, and Movie credits

Kovacs wrote a novel entitled, "ZOOMAR (A Sophisticated Novel About Love and TV)" in 1956, published by Doubleday in 1957, and based on the life and career of television pioneer Pat Weaver. While he worked on several other projects in book form, his only other published title was How To Talk At Gin, published posthumously in 1962. During 1955-1958, he wrote for Mad Magazine, including the recurring "Strangely Believe It!" (a parody of Ripley's Believe It or Not! that also was featured on Kovacs' TV show) and "Gringo", a board game with ridiculously complicated rules that was renamed "Droongo" for the TV show. Kovacs contributed to the collection, Mad For Keeps: a collection of the best from Mad magazine, writing the introduction. Crown Publishers published this volume in 1958.

The London based publisher Transworld Publishers published a 316 page novel T.V. Medium Rare, with Kovacs as its author, in 1961 as no. GN1023 in its Corgi Books series. This seems to be simply a British edition of ZOOMAR, since the cover design and illustration are identical to Bantam's ZOOMAR edition and the main character is the same.

Kovacs found modest success as a character actor in Hollywood movies in his final years, often typecast as a swarthy military officer in such films as Operation Mad Ball and Our Man in Havana. But he also garnered critical acclaim for roles such as the perennially inebriated writer in Bell, Book and Candle and as the cartoonishly evil head of a railroad company (who resembled Orson Welles' title character in Citizen Kane) in It Happened to Jane. His own personal favorite was said to have been the offbeat Five Golden Hours (1961), in which he portrayed a larcenous professional mourner who meets his match in professional widow Cyd Charisse.

Shortly before his death, Kovacs had been chosen to appear as Melville Crump in Stanley Kramer's star-packed comedy It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World, with Adams portraying his screen wife Monica Crump. The role eventually went to comedian Sid Caesar.

[edit] Death

Ten days before his 43rd birthday, Kovacs was killed in an automobile accident in Los Angeles. After meeting Adams at a party hosted by Milton Berle and his wife, the couple left in separate cars---Kovacs had been working for much of the evening before the party---and, during an unusual southern California rainstorm, the comedian lost control of the Chevrolet Corvair station wagon while turning fast, crashing into a power pole at the corner of Beverly Glen and Santa Monica Boulevards, and being thrown halfway out the passenger side, dying almost instantly from chest and head injuries.

Rumors suggested Kovacs lost control of the car while trying to light a cigar. A photographer managed to arrive moments later, and morbid images of Kovacs in death appeared in newspapers across the United States. Years later, in a documentary about Kovacs, Edie Adams revealed she telephoned the coroner's office impatiently when she learned of the crash, and an official cupped the telephone, saying to a colleague it was "Mrs. Kovacs" and what should he tell her; she became inconsolable upon the confirmation. Jack Lemmon, who also attended the Berle party, identified Kovacs's body at the morgue when Adams became too overcome to do it.

A frequent critic of the U.S. tax system, Kovacs owed the IRS several hundred thousand dollars in back taxes thanks to his simple refusal to pay the brunt of them; up to 90% of his earnings would be garnished as a result. Adams (who married and divorced twice after Kovacs's death) paid the debt off herself, refusing help from celebrity friends (who planned a benefit concert for the purpose), though she did accept film and television work from them, instead.

Kovacs is buried in Forest Lawn - Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles. His epitaph reads: "Nothing in moderation-We all loved him". Only one of Kovacs's three children survives, his oldest, Elisabeth (from his first marriage); Kippie, his second, died at age 52 after a long illness and a lifetime of poor health July 28, 2001. His only child with Edie Adams, Mia Susan, was killed May 8, 1982---also in an automobile accident; Mia and Kippe are buried close to their father. Keigh Lancaster, Kovacs's only grandchild, was born to Kippie and her husband, screenwriter Bill Lancaster (the son of actor Burt Lancaster).

[edit] Lost and surviving work

Most of Kovacs' early television shows have not survived---they were done live---except for a very few short film clips. Some of his later 1950s shows exist in the form of kinescopes. Videotapes of his ABC specials were preserved, but other videotaped shows such as his quirky game show "Take a Good Look" exist only in piecemeal fashion. After his death, Edie Adams discovered the networks systematically erasing and re-using tapes of his shows; she succeeded in buying the rights to the surviving footage and tapes, and most of Kovacs's surviving work is available to researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles Library 's Department of Special Collections.

In 1984, a television movie, Ernie Kovacs: Between the Laughter, starring Jeff Goldblum as the comedian, helped return Kovacs to the public eye, though it focused more on his personal life---especially his bid to retrieve his kidnapped children---than his professional life. Edie Adams appeared in a cameo in this film, playing Mae West--one of the impressions she performed on the Las Vegas stage with Kovacs. The film was inspired by a new interest in the comedian thanks to telecasts of edited compilations of some of his work (mostly his videotaped ABC specials) by PBS (produced by WTTW Chicago), under the title The Best of Ernie Kovacs. (A 5-volume set of these broadcasts is still available on VHS and DVD.)

In the early 1990s, the cable channel The Comedy Channel (which later merged with a competing channel Ha! to become today's Comedy Central) broadcast a series of Kovacs shows under the generic title of The Ernie Kovacs Show. This package included both the ABC specials and some of his 1950s shows from NBC. As of December 2007, however, there are no broadcast, cable or satellite channels currently scheduling any of Kovacs' television work.

A quarter century after his death, in 1987, Kovacs's talent was recognized formally at last: he was inducted posthumously into the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences' Hall of Fame.

[edit] Trivia and miscellaneous facts

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The article could be improved by integrating relevant items and removing inappropriate ones.
  • Kovacs is sometimes credited with saying, "Television: a medium, so-called because it is neither rare nor well done," but the actual quip originated with radio legend Fred Allen, on the premiere of Tallulah Bankhead's radio variety program, The Big Show, on 5 November 1950: "You know, television is a new medium, and I have discovered why it's called a medium---because nothing is well done."
  • Kovacs was a frequent poker player with other entertainment friends such as Jack Lemmon, who called Kovacs and Walter Matthau two of the worst players he had ever known.
  • Ernie disliked working in front of a live audience, as was the case with the shows he did for NBC in the 1950s. He found the presence of an audience distracting, and those in the seats frequently did not understand some of the more elaborate visual gags and special effects that could only be appreciated by watching studio monitors instead of the stage.
  • His long battles with the IRS led Kovacs to tie up his money in a convoluted series of paper corporations, both in the U.S. and Canada. He would give them bizarre names, such as "The Bazooka Dooka Hicka Hocka Hookah Company" to thumb his nose at the Feds.
  • At the time of his death, one of Ernie's half-hour specials for ABC had been videotaped and edited, but not yet aired. It was broadcast on schedule with an added announcement at the beginning indicating that all connected with the show felt that Ernie would certainly have wanted it to air.
  • His tax woes also affected Kovacs' career, forcing him to take any offered work, no matter how ill-suited to his style of comedy, to pay off his debt. This included the ABC game show Take a Good Look, appearances on variety shows such as The Tennessee Ernie Ford Show, and some of his less memorable movie roles.
  • In his early days of live television in Philadelphia (early 1950s), Ernie frequently made use of accidents and happenstance, incorporating the unexpected into his shows. One cold winter morning, a homeless man wandered into the studio seeking shelter from the elements. Ernie allowed him to sleep on the studio floor, and he became a silent, snoozing "cast member" of that day's sketches, introduced by Ernie as "Sleeping Schwartz."
  • Although Kovacs was a long-time spokesman for Dutch Masters cigars (resulting in some of the most creative and humorous commercials of the time), in real life Ernie only smoked expensive Havana cigars, as many as 20 per day at a price of $2.00 each. (Quite expensive in 1950s dollars.)
  • Ernie was a night-owl and insomniac, surviving on no more than 3 or 4 hours sleep at night, and often much less than that (sometimes no sleep at all if a good poker game was in progress). He credited frequent steambaths followed by a cold swim underwater in a pool for invigorating him and keeping him going when his energy lagged.
Image:Matzoh.jpg
Ernie as magician Matzoh Heppelwhite
  • One of the funniest practical jokes of the live TV era was played on Ernie in one of his NBC shows. Appearing as his inept magician character Matzoh Heppelwhite, he would frequently hit a gong, which was the signal for a sexy female assistant to bring out a bottle and shot glass for a quick snort. One evening, stagehands substituted real liquor for the iced tea normally used for the gag. The look on Ernie's face upon taking the first shot was priceless, but he pressed on with the sketch and was quite inebriated by the end of the show.
  • Those who view Laugh-In as a direct descendant of Ernie's comedic style are correct. Laugh-In producer George Schlatter was married to actress Jolene Brand, who had appeared in Kovacs' comic troupes over the years and had been a frequent participant in (or victim of) his pioneering bits.
Image:Ernieandbill.jpg
Ernie and a young Bill Wendell
  • In another link between TV generations, Kovacs' usual announcer (and sometimes sketch participant) was a young staffer named Bill Wendell. From 1980-95, Wendell was announcer for David Letterman, whose show and style of humor were greatly influenced by Kovacs.
  • Kovacs shared hosting duties on The Tonight Show with Steve Allen in 1956-57, taking over the Monday and Tuesday editions of the show while Allen was busy with other projects. Ernie later publicly accused Allen of stealing material and characters from him, then performing them in only slightly obfuscated form.
  • Ernie appeared from time to time as a guest panelist on such popular game shows as What's My Line?, often eschewing a legitimate question for the sake of a laugh. An example would be when industrialist Henry J. Kaiser was the Mystery Guest. Previous questioning had established that the Mystery Guest had a car named after him, prompting Kovacs to ask, "This may seem like a long shot, sir, but by any chance are you Abraham Lincoln?" -- a reference to the Ford Motor Company's Lincoln brand of luxury automobile.
  • Ernie and Edie were the guest stars on the final installment of the one-hour I Love Lucy format, known in network airings as The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Show and in syndication as The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour. Kovacs and Adams appeared in the episode titled "Lucy Meets the Moustache" filmed on March 2 and aired on April 1, 1960. It was the last time Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz appeared together before the breakup of their marriage. According to Adams, divorce proceedings began on March 3, the day after the show's filming.
  • Kovacs' local TV show Three to Get Ready on Philadelphia's Channel 3 (1950-52) was groundbreaking -- the first regularly scheduled early morning (7-9 am) show in a major TV market. Prior to this, it was assumed that no one would watch TV at such an early hour. The success of Three to Get Ready proved the theory wrong and was one of the factors that led NBC to create The Today Show, which ironically led to the cancellation of Ernie's show in favor of the network offering.
  • In 1961 Kovacs and his co-director Joe Behar both won the Directors Guild of America award for the Ernie Kovacs Special based on an earlier 1957 version featuring his cult character "Eugene"

[edit] References

  1. ^ David Walley, The Ernie Kovacs Phile (New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1987), pg. 202

[edit] Sources

  • Nothing in Moderation by David Walley, Drake Publishers, 1975 (ISBN 0-87749-738-9). Reprinted as The Ernie Kovacs Phile by David Walley, Bolder Books, 1978 and Fireside/Simon & Schuster, 1987 (ISBN 0-918282-06-3).
  • Kovacsland: A Biography of Ernie Kovacs by Diana Rico, Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich, 1990 (ISBN 0-15-147294-7).
  • Sing a Pretty Song: The "Offbeat" Life of Edie Adams, Including the Ernie Kovacs Years, by Edie Adams, William Morrow, 1990 (ISBN 0-688-07341-7).
  • Seriously Funny: The Rebel Comedians of the 1950s and 1960s by Gerald Nachman, Pantheon Books, 2004 (ISBN 0-375-41030-9).
  • "Every Moment's a Gift" : Ernie Kovacs in Hollywood, 1957-1962. A master's thesis by David Brian Barker, 1982. A copy is available for viewing at the University of Texas' Austin library.
  • Kovacs' search for his kidnapped daughters is the primary focus of the 1984 made-for-television movie Ernie Kovacs: Between the Laughter.
  • Kovacs is also the subject of a play, The Importance of Being Ernie by multimedia artist Sean Sanczel.

[edit] External links

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