Electric Light Orchestra

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Electric Light Orchestra, also known as ELO, were a rock music group from Birmingham, England that released eleven studio albums between 1971–1986, then another album in 2001. The band's direction for most of its existence was by Jeff Lynne, who wrote and composed all but six of the group's released songs.

It was in the United States that the band were first successful, billed as 'The English guys with the big fiddles'^[1]. They soon gained a cult following despite lukewarm reviews back in their native United Kingdom. They were managed by agent Don Arden, father of Sharon Osbourne.

By the mid-seventies they had become one of the biggest selling bands in music. From 1972 to 1986, ELO accumulated more combined UK and US Top 40 hit singles than any other band in the world, with 46. The group also scored twenty Top 20 UK hit singles, as well as fifteen Top 20 appearances in the US Billboard charts. The band also holds the record for having the most Billboard Top 40 hits of any band in US chart history, without ever having a #1 single^[2].

Despite the fact the majority of the group's material was never researched and audited, ELO collected 21 RIAA awards, and 38 BPI awards.^[3][4]

[edit] History

[edit] Birth of the band

In January 1970, when Carl Wayne left the The Move, Jeff Lynne, front man with fellow Birmingham band The Idle Race, responded to Move frontman Roy Wood's second invitation to join the line-up. Wood had already decided to form a new band that would use cellos, violins, horns and woodwinds to give their music a classical sound, to take rock music in a new direction.

The Move evolved into the Electric Light Orchestra in October 1970 and started work on an album. To help finance the fledgling project, two more Move albums were released during the lengthy ELO recordings. The resulting debut album, The Electric Light Orchestra, released in 1971 (1972 in the US as No Answer), produced a UK top ten hit "10538 Overture".

However, tensions soon surfaced between Roy Wood and Jeff Lynne due to problems with management^[5]. Amid the recordings for the band's second LP, Wood left the band, taking cellist Hugh McDowell and horn player Bill Hunt with him to form Wizzard. Despite predictions from the music press that the band would fold without Wood, who had been the driving force behind the creation of ELO, Jeff Lynne stepped up to lead the band, with Bevan remaining on drums, joined by Richard Tandy on the Moog synthesizer, Mike de Albuquerque on bass, Mike Edwards and Colin Walker adding cello and Wilfred Gibson replacing Steve Woolam on violin.

The new lineup performed at the 1972 Reading Festival. Barcus Berry pickups now sported by the band's string trio allowed them to dance on stage with their instruments. The band released their second album, ELO 2 in 1973, which produced their first US chart hit, a hugely elaborate version of the Chuck Berry classic "Roll Over Beethoven". ELO made their first appearance on American Bandstand.

During the recording of the third album, Wilfred Gibson and Colin Walker left the band. Mik Kaminski joined as violinist, while remaining cellist Mike Edwards finished the cello parts. The resulting album, On the Third Day was released in late 1973 and featured the US hit "Showdown."

[edit] Global success

For the band's fourth album, Eldorado, A Symphony, a concept album about dreams, Lynne was finally able to stop overdubbing strings, and hire an orchestra and choir. Louis Clark joined the band as string arranger^[6]. The first single off the album, "Can't Get It Out Of My Head," became their first US Billboard charts Top 10 hit, and Eldorado, A Symphony became ELO's first gold album.

After the release of Eldorado, A Symphony, bassist and vocalist Kelly Groucutt and cellist Melvyn Gale joined, replacing de Albuquerque and Edwards respectively. The lineup stabilized as the band took to a decidedly more accessible sound.

Face the Music was released in 1975, producing the hit singles "Evil Woman" and "Strange Magic." The opening instrumental "Fire On High", with its mix of strings and blazing acoustic guitars, saw heavy exposure as background music on CBS Sports Spectacular montages, though most viewers had no idea of the song's origins, today, "Fire On High" has become a staple of classic rock radio.

ELO had become successful in the United States at this point and they were a star attraction on the stadium and arena circuit, as well as regularly appearing on The Midnight Special. They were still largely ignored in the United Kingdom until their sixth album, A New World Record, hit the top ten there in 1976. It contained the hit singles "Livin' Thing", "Telephone Line", "Rockaria!" and "Do Ya", a rerecording of a Move song.

A New World Record was followed by another platinum selling album, the double-LP Out of the Blue, in 1977. Out of the Blue featured the singles "Turn to Stone," "Sweet Talkin' Woman," "Mr. Blue Sky," and "Wild West Hero," each becoming a hit in the United Kingdom. The band then set out on a nine-month, ninety-two date world tour, with an enormous set and hugely expensive, space ship stage, with fog machines and a laser display. In the United States the concerts were billed as The Big Night and were their largest to date, with 80,000 people seeing them at the Cleveland Stadium. During the famous spaceship tour, the band were criticized for allegedly playing backing tapes. Despite some criticism, The Big Night went on to become the highest-grossing live concert tour in music history up to that point (1978)^[7]. The band also played at the Wembley Arena for eight straight sold-out nights during the tour as well, another record at that time. The first of these shows was recorded and televised, and later released as a CD and DVD.

In 1979,the multi-platinum album Discovery (or "Disco? Very!", as fans refer to it), was released. Although the biggest hit on the album (and ELO's biggest hit overall) was the hard-rock song "Don't Bring Me Down", the album was criticized for its heavy disco influence. Discovery also produced the hits "Shine A Little Love", "Last Train to London", "Confusion" and "The Diary of Horace Wimp".

Although there would be no live tour associated with Discovery, the band recorded the entire album in video form. The Discovery music videos would be the last time the "classic" late 1970's line-up would be seen together, as, not long after this, the violinist Mik Kaminski and the two cellists Hugh McDowell and Melvyn Gale were dismissed.

The Electric Light Orchestra finished 1979 as the biggest selling act in the United Kingdom. ELO had reached the peak of their stardom, selling millions of albums and singles and even inspiring a parody/tribute song on the Randy Newman album Born Again.

In 1980, Jeff Lynne was asked to write for the soundtrack of the musical film Xanadu, the other half written by John Farrar and performed by the film's star Olivia Newton-John. The movie performed poorly at the box office, but the soundtrack did exceptionally well, eventually going double platinum. The album spawned hit singles from both Newton-John ("Magic," #1 in the United States, and "Suddenly" with Cliff Richard) and ELO ("I'm Alive", which went gold, "All Over The World" and "Don't Walk Away"). The title track, performed by both Newton-John and ELO, is ELO's only song to top the singles chart in the United Kingdom.^[8] The Electric Light Orchestra Story, Bev Bevan's memoirs from his early days and throughout his career with The Move and ELO, was also published in 1980.

In 1981, ELO's sound changed again with the science-fiction concept album Time, a throwback to earlier, more progressive rock albums like Eldorado. With the string section laid off, synthesizers took a dominating role, as was a trend in the larger music scene. Time topped the UK charts for two weeks and is the last ELO studio album to date to be certified gold. Singles from the album included "Hold on Tight", "Twilight", "The Way Life's Meant to Be," "Here Is the News" and "Ticket to the Moon." The band embarked on their last world tour to date to promote the LP. It was the first ELO tour without cellists, although Mik Kaminski returned to play his famous "blue violin." The live line-up was completed with Louis Clark and newcomer Dave Morgan playing the string parts on synthesizers, and "Fred the Robot" voicing the "Prologue" and "Epilogue".

[edit] Decline

Jeff Lynne wanted to follow Time with a double album, but CBS blocked his plan, claiming it would be too expensive. Relatively slow sales of Time undoubtedly contributed to the decision. The new album was whittled down to a single disc and released as Secret Messages in 1983 (many of the outtakes were later released on box sets or singles). The album's release was dampened by a string of bad news - that there would be no tour to promote the LP, that drummer Bevan was to play drums for Black Sabbath, and that bassist Kelly Groucutt had left the band (Groucutt later sued Jeff Lynne, Bev Bevan, and ELO's management for alleged lost royalty fees, and the matter was settled out of court). Rumours from fans about the group disbanding were publicly denied by Bev Bevan. Although Secret Messages debuted at number four in the UK, it fell off the charts, failing to catch fire with a lack of hit singles and a lukewarm media response.

By 1984, Bevan was expressing a desire to join Black Sabbath permanently, Lynne and Tandy were recording tracks for the Electric Dreams soundtrack under Jeff Lynne's name, and, with Groucutt's departure, ELO was assumed to be finished. However, Lynne was contractually obligated to make one more ELO album.

Lynne, Bevan and Tandy returned to the studio in 1985 as a three-piece (with Christian Schneider playing saxophone on some tracks) to record ELO's final album of the 20th century, Balance of Power, released early in 1986. Though the single "Calling America" placed in the Top 30 in the United Kingdom (#28), subsequent singles failed to chart. The album was absent of actual strings, replaced once again by synthesizers, this time played by Tandy. The album also shed the customary ELO logo that had appeared on every album since 1976.

Lynne, with the 7-piece lineup that supported Time (sans Fred, and with Martin Smith replacing Groucutt on bass), played a small number of live ELO performances in 1986. Along with US appearances on American Bandstand, Solid Gold and at Disneyland, ELO performed in England and Germany, including at the Heartbeat charity concert (organized by Bevan) in ELO's hometown of Birmingham , and ELO's last performance of the century, on July 13 in Stuttgart. A hint of Lynne's future was seen when George Harrison appeared onstage during the encore at Heartbeat, joining in the all-star jam of "Johnny B. Goode".

There was no announcement made of ELO's status during the next two years, when Harrison's Lynne-produced album Cloud Nine and the pair's follow-up (with Roy Orbison, Bob Dylan and Tom Petty) Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 were released. Bevan approached Lynne to make another ELO album in 1988. Lynne was not interested and ELO was formally disbanded.

[edit] ELO Part II

Bev Bevan formed his own band titled ELO Part II, initially with no other former ELO members except Louis Clark. ELO Part II released their debut album Electric Light Orchestra Part Two in 1990. Mik Kaminski, Kelly Groucutt and Hugh McDowell joined the band for the first tour in 1991. McDowell left after that tour. Bevan, Groucutt, Kaminski and Clark recorded a second album in 1994 and toured extensively until 1999. Bevan retired in 1999 and sold his share of the ELO name to Jeff Lynne in 2000. The remaining members continue to tour and record, renamed as The Orchestra.

[edit] Reformation in 2000

Jeff Lynne's comeback with ELO started in 2000 when a retrospective box set was released, three CDs of remastered tracks and a handful of outtakes and unfinished works were released on Flashback, most notably a new version of ELO's only UK number one hit "Xanadu".

In 2001, Zoom, ELO's first album since 1986, was released. Though billed and marketed as an ELO album, the only returning member other than Jeff Lynne was Richard Tandy, who performed on one track. Zoom took on a more organic sound, with less emphasis on strings and electronic effects. Guest musicians included former Beatles Ringo Starr and George Harrison. Upon completion of the album Lynne reformed the band with completely new members including his then-girlfriend Rosie Vela (who had released her own album "Zazu", in 1986) and announced that ELO would tour again. Former ELO member Richard Tandy rejoined the band a short time afterwards for two television live performances: VH1 Storytellers and a PBS concert shot at CBS Television City later titled Zoom Tour Live that was released on DVD, the planned tour was cancelled due to many unknown factors, in mid-August 2001^[9]. The tour was not rescheduled due to lack of interest and slow ticket sales.

EMI and Epic/Legacy released ELO's back catalogue from 2001-07. Included amongst the remastered album tracks were unreleased songs and outtakes, including a new single "Surrender" which did register on the lower end of the UK Singles Chart at #81 for the band, some 30 years after it was written in 1976.

Today much of ELO's music is used in Hollywood movies, TV and advertisements. The track "Twilight" was used in the opening (animated) sequence of the immensely popular Densha Otoko drama in Japan, actually as an homage to a classic Gainax animation for an anime convention that used the same track and similar animation. Doctor Who series, the episode "Love And Monsters" featured an ELO-obsessed major character who is in search of the Doctor. Also car commercials such as VW (2005) and Honda, then also Sears Department Stores, both in 2007.

A tribute to ELO, namely L.E.O., features original material written by devotees of Lynne's unique orchestrated sound. American musician Bleu, brought together various musicians to record this 'tribute' in 2007. Andy Sturmer, of seminal ELO/Queen/Beatles influenced band Jellyfish co-wrote and provided some vocals for the project. The songs are written entirely in Lynne's style and mimic ELO's orchestration and production.

During their 2007 "Beautiful World" tour, the reformed Take That used part of ELO's "Mr. Blue Sky" as the intro to their song "Shine" which draws heavily on the ELO style from the "Out of the Blue" era.

[edit] Current releases

Although there has been no news on any forthcoming new ELO projects, ELO's core studio albums have now all been remastered and expanded with bonus tracks, leaving only The Night the Light Went On (in Long Beach), ELO's Greatest Hits, Xanadu, Zoom and ELO's Greatest Hits Live AKA Zoom Tour Live to be done. Latest in the Epic/Legacy series were Out of the Blue and Balance of Power which were released in February, 2007. A lost demo from 1977 was finished and released in the United Kingdom as a download single on February 6, 2007 titled "Latitude 88 North".

All the original ELO albums were released in mini replica sleeves in Japan. One of the many features, was the original Jet Records label on the disc and original inner sleeves and lyrics.

To further cash in on the success of the remasters, another ELO compilation hit the German, then UK shops in October, 2007, now set for release stateside on February 5th, 2008. It's the follow-up to All Over the World: The Very Best of Electric Light Orchestra and is called Ticket to the Moon: The Very Best of Electric Light Orchestra Volume 2.

[edit] Band name and logo

The group's name is an intended pun based not only on electric light (as in a light bulb as seen on early album covers) but also using "electric" rock instruments combined with a "light orchestra" (orchestras with only a few cellos and violins that were popular in Britain during the 1960s). The official band logo (left), designed in 1976 by artist Kosh, was first seen on their 1976 album A New World Record and is based on a 1946 Wurlitzer jukebox speaker, model 4008. The 4008 speaker was, itself, based upon the upper cabinet of the most popular jukebox of all time, the Wurlitzer model 1015. The band's previous logo (right) was similar to the General Electric logo. The new logo has appeared on most of the bands albums in various forms. For instance, on 1977's Out of the Blue the logo was turned in to a huge flying saucer space station, an enduring image that is now synonymous with the band. Again, on the follow up Discovery, the logo became a small glowing artifact on top of a treasure chest. Bev Bevan usually displayed the logo on his drum kit.

[edit] Personnel

[edit] Members on studio albums

• Jeff Lynne – vocals, guitars, bass guitar, keyboards, drums, cello, producer, songwriter, composer, arranger (1970–1988, 2000–01)
• Roy Wood – vocals, guitar, bass guitar, cello, clarinet, bassoon, oboe, drums, recorder, producer, songwriter, arranger (1970–1972)
• Bev Bevan – drums, percussion, vocals (1970–1986)
• Richard Tandy – keyboards, vocals, bass guitar, arranger (1972–1986, 2000–2001)
• Louis Clark – orchestra arranger, conductor (1974–1979, 1983)
• Kelly Groucutt – bass guitar, vocals (1975–1983)
• Mik Kaminski – violin (1973–1979, 1983)
• Hugh McDowell – cello (1973–1979)
• Melvyn Gale – cello (1975–1979)
• Mike Edwards – cello (1972–1974)
• Mike de Albuquerque – bass guitar, vocals (1972–1974)
• Wilfred Gibson – violin (1972–1973)
• Colin Walker – cello (1972–1973)
• Bill Hunt – keyboards, French horn, hunting horn (1970–1972)
• Steve Woolam – violin (1970–1972)
• Marc Mann – guitar, keyboards, vocals, arranger (2000–2001)

[edit] Guest musicians on studio albums

• Rick Price – bass guitar (1970) The Electric Light Orchestra involved initially with some early tracks
• Carl Wayne – vocals (1973) ELO 2 The Lost Planet
• Marc Bolan – guitar (1973) On the Third Day
• Ellie Greenwich – uncredited vocals (1975) Face the Music
• Susan Collins – uncredited vocals (1975) Face the Music
• Nancy O'Neill – uncredited vocals (1975) Face the Music
• Margaret Raymond – uncredited vocals (1975) Face the Music
• Mary Thomas – operatic vocals (1976) A New World Record
• Patti Quatro – uncredited vocals (1976) A New World Record
• Olivia Newton-John – vocals (1980) "Xanadu"
• Rainer Pietsch – arranger, conductor (1981) Time
• Dave Morgan – backing vocals (1983) Secret Messages
• Christian Schneider – saxophone (1986) Balance of Power
• George Harrison – slide guitar, vocals (2001) Zoom
• Ringo Starr – drums (2001) Zoom
• Suzie Katayama – cello (2001) Zoom
• Roger Lebow – cello (2001) Zoom
• Dave Boruff – saxophone (2001) Zoom
• Laura Lynne – backing vocals (2001) Zoom
• Rosie Vela – backing vocals (2001) Zoom
• Kris Wilkinson – arranger (2001) Zoom

[edit] Live lineups

[edit] Discography

This is a text only simple list; For a full discography with chart placings and alternative titles please see Electric Light Orchestra discography.

• The Electric Light Orchestra/No Answer (1971/1972)
• ELO 2 (1973)
• On the Third Day (1973)
• Eldorado, A Symphony (1974)
• Face the Music (1975)
• A New World Record (1976)
• Out of the Blue (1977)
• Discovery (1979)
• Xanadu (1980)
• Time (1981)
• Secret Messages (1983)
• Balance of Power (1986)
• Zoom (2001)

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Face the Music – Official ELO and related artists information site.
• Showdown – The ELO mailing list.
• Jeff Lynne Song Database – Large website dedicated to Jeff Lynne and his large volume of song material.
• Discovery – Welcome to the show – ELO and Jeff Lynne information page.
• Cherry Blossom Clinic – Website includes interviews with former members of The Electric Light Orchestra.

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