Jin Dynasty (265–420)

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The Jìn Dynasty (simplified Chinese: 晋朝; traditional Chinese: 晉朝; pinyin: jìn cháo; 265–420), one of the Six Dynasties, followed the Three Kingdoms period and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. The dynasty was founded by the Sima family (司馬 pinyin: Sīmǎ). Note that there are four periods of Chinese history using the name "Jin" (see clarification here). At its height the Jin Dynasty had a population of about 20 million people.

Contents 1 History 2 Figure 3 Sovereigns of Jìn Dynasty 4 Major events 5 See also 6 External links

[edit] History

The first of the two periods, the Western Jìn Dynasty (ch: 西晉, 265–316), was founded by Emperor Wu, better known as Sima Yan. Although providing a brief period of unity after conquering the Kingdom of Wu in CE 280, the Jìn could not contain the invasion and uprising of nomadic peoples after the devastating War of the Eight Princes. The capital was Luoyang until 311 when Emperor Huai was captured by the forces of Han Zhao. Successive reign of Emperor Min lasted four years in Chang'an until its conquest by Han Zhao in 316.

Meanwhile remnants of the Jìn court fled from the north to the south and reestablished the Jìn court at Jiankang, south-east of Luoyang and Chang'an and near modern-day Nanjing, under Prince of Longya. Prominent local families of Zhu, Gan, Lu, Gu and Zhou supported the proclamation of Prince of Langye as Emperor Yuan of the Eastern Jìn Dynasty (ch: 東晉 317–420) when the news of the fall of Chang'an reached the south. (Because the emperors of the Eastern Jìn Dynasty came from the Langye line, the rival Wu Hu states which did not recognize its legitimacy would at times refer to Jìn as "Langye.")

Militaristic authorities and crises plagued the Eastern Jìn court throughout its 104 years of existence. It survived the rebellions of Wang Dun and Su Jun. Huan Wen died in 373 before he could usurp the throne (which he had intended to do). Battle of Fei turned out to be a victory of Jìn under a short-lived cooperation of Huan Chong, brother of Huan Wen and the Prime Minister (or Imperial Secretariat) Xie An. Huan Xuan, son of Huan Wen, usurped and changed the name of the dynasty to Chu. He was toppled by Liu Yu, who ordered the strangulation of the reinstated but retarded Emperor An. The last emperor and brother of Emperor An, Emperor Gong, was installed in 419. Abdication of Emperor Gong in 420 in favor of Liu Yu, then Emperor Wu, ushered in the Liu Song Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties.

Meanwhile North China was ruled by the Sixteen Kingdoms, many of which were founded by the Wu Hu, the non-Han Chinese ethnicities. The conquest of the Northern Liang by the Northern Wei Dynasty in 439 ushered in the Northern Dynasties.

[edit] Figure

• Sima's family tree of the 'Western Jìn dynasty'
  

[edit] Sovereigns of Jìn Dynasty

Image:History of China.png History of China
ANCIENT
3 Sovereigns and 5 Emperors
Xia Dynasty 2070–1600 BCE
Shang Dynasty 1600–1046 BCE
Zhou Dynasty 1122–256 BCE
Western Zhou
Eastern Zhou
Spring and Autumn Period
Warring States Period
IMPERIAL
Qin Dynasty 221 BCE–206 BCE
Han Dynasty 206 BCE–220 CE
Western Han
Xin Dynasty
Eastern Han
Three Kingdoms 220–280
Wei, Shu & Wu
Jin Dynasty 265–420
Western Jin
Eastern Jin	16 Kingdoms 304–439
Southern & Northern Dynasties 420–589
Sui Dynasty 581–619
Tang Dynasty 618–907
5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms 907–960	Liao Dynasty 907–1125
Song Dynasty 960–1279
Northern Song		W. Xia Dyn.
Southern Song	Jin Dyn.
Yuan Dynasty 1271–1368
Ming Dynasty 1368–1644
Qing Dynasty 1644–1911
MODERN
Republic of China 1912–1949
People's Republic of China 1949–present	Republic of China (on Taiwan*) 1945-present
Timeline of Chinese history Dynasties in Chinese history Military history of China Naval history of China Economic history of China Linguistic history of China Legal history of China History of Chinese art History of science and technology in China History of education in China
* There is significant dispute as to whether Taiwan is part of China.
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Posthumous names	Family name and given names	Durations of reigns	Era names and their according range of years
Chinese convention: "Jìn" + posthumous name + "di"
Western Jìn Dynasty 265–316
Wu	Sima Yan	265–290	Taishi 265–274 Xianning 275–280 Taikang 280–289 Taixi January 28, 290 – May 17, 290
Hui	Sima Zhong	290–307	Yongxi May 17, 290 – February 15, 291 Yongping February 16 – April 23, 291 Yuankang April 24, 291 – February 6, 300 Yongkang February 7, 300 – February 3, 301 Yongning June 1, 301 – January 4303 Taian January 5, 303 – February 21, 304 Yongan February 22 – August 15, 304; December 25, 304 – February 3, 305 Jianwu August 16 – December 24, 304 Yongxing February 4, 305 – July 12, 306 Guangxi July 13, 306 – February 19, 307
none	Sima Lun	301	Jianshi February 3 – June 1, 301
Huai	Sima Chi	307 – 311	Yongjia 307 – 313
Min	Sima Ye	313–316	Jianxing 313–317
Eastern Jìn Dynasty 317–420
Yuan	Sima Rui	317–323	Jianwu 317–318 Taixing 318–322 Yongchang 322–323
Ming	Sima Shao	323–325	Taining 323–326
Cheng	Sima Yan	325–342	Xianhe 326–335 Xiankang 335–342
Kang	Sima Yue	342–344	Jianyuan 343–344
Mu	Sima Dan	344–361	Yonghe 345–357 Shengping 357–361
Ai	Sima Pi	361–365	Longhe 362–363 Xingning 363–365
Fei	Sima Yi	365–372	*Taihe 365–372
Jianwen	Sima Yu	372	Xianan 372–373
Xiaowu	Sima Yao	372–396	Ningkang 373–375 Taiyuan 376–396
An	Sima Dezong	396–419	Longan 397–402 Yuanxing 402–405 Yixi 405–419
Gong	Sima Dewen	419–420	Yuanxi 419–420

[edit] Major events

• War of the Eight Princes
• Wu Hu ravaging
• Battle of Fei
• Butterfly Lovers

[edit] See also

• Six dynasties
• Sixteen Kingdoms
• Chinese sovereign
• List of tributaries of Imperial China
• Liu Song Dynasty
• Southern Dynasties
• Northern Wei Dynasty
• Northern Dynasties
• Romance of the Three Kingdoms
• Ge Hong

[edit] External links

• Chinese History, the Jin Dynasty 晉
• Largest Jin Dynasty Tomb Discovered in NW China

Preceded by Three Kingdoms

Dynasties in Chinese history 265–420

Succeeded by Southern and Northern Dynasties

de:Jin-Dynastie (265–420) es:Dinastía Jin (265-420) fr:Dynastie Jin ko:진 (위진남북조) nl:Jin-dynastie (265-420) ja:西晋 pt:Dinastia Jin (265-420) ru:Династия Цзинь (265-420) sv:Jindynastin vi:Nhà Tấn zh:晋朝 zh-classical:晉