Duduk

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The duduk (pronounced [duˈduk]) is a traditional woodwind instrument of Armenian origins.^[1][2] This English word is often used generically for a family of ethnic instruments including the դուդուկ or doudouk (previously ծիրանափող or dziranapogh, literally "apricot horn") in Armenia, the duduk or düdük in Turkey, the duduki in Georgia, the balaban in Azerbaijan and Iran, the duduka or dudka in Russia and Ukraine, duduk in Serbia, and the daduk in Bulgaria. The English word has been asserted as derived from the Russian word "dudka",^[3] or from the Turkish word "düdük".^[4] Duduki is a Georgian national wind musical instrument. It consists of a trunk (reed pipe) Duduki and Kamishi (reed)and a mouthpiece (reed) . The trunk is cut mainly from apricot-tree, mulberry and box trees. It has 8 front keys on the upper side and one key on the lower side. The pipe is 36cm. long. Internal diameter is 10mm. The flat double mouthpiece (reed) is inserted into the trunk. The Duduki has a diatonic scale. When partly closing the keys by fingers, we get chromatic sounds. Duduki produces soft and sweet sounds. It is used to perform solo melodies, but is also combined with other instruments. Usually, it is played in a small ensemble with the other two Dudukis and a Doli (drum). One Duduki performs the melody and the other two Dudukis resemble the melody in a suppressed deep voice. A person who plays Doli may also sing while performance. Duduki repertoire is very rich: it consists of everyday songs, comic verses, love, lyrical and dance melodies.

Contents 1 Overview 2 History 3 Balkan duduk 4 Use in popular media 5 See also 6 Notes 7 External links

[edit] Overview

The duduk is a double reed instrument which has ancient origins, said to be from 1500 to 3000 years old. The earliest instruments similar to the duduk's present form are made of bone or entirely of cane. Today the duduk is exclusively made of wood with a large double reed. Armenian duduks are mainly made from aged apricot wood (Prunus armeniaca, "Armenian plum" in Latin), although other regional varieties use other materials (mulberry, etc.) The particular tuning depends heavily on the region which it is played. In the 20th Century the Armenian duduk began to be standardized diatonic in scale and single-octave in range. Accidentals, or chromatics are achieved using fingering techniques. The instrument's body also has different lengths depending upon the range of the instrument and region. The reed, (Armenian: ramish or ghamish), is made from one or two pieces of cane in a duck-bill type assembly. Unlike other double-reed instruments, the reed is quite wide, helping to give the duduk both its unique, mournful sound, as well as its remarkable breath requirements.The duduk is also the national musical symbol of Armenia.^[5]

[edit] History

The duduk is one of the oldest double reed instruments in the world which dates back over 3,000 years. Variants of the duduk can be found in Armenia and the Caucasus. The roots of Armenian duduk music go back to the times of the Armenian king Tigran the Great (95-55 BC)^{[citation needed]}. The instrument is depicted in numerous Armenian manuscripts of the Middle Ages.^[6]

[edit] Balkan duduk

While the term duduk mostly refers to a double reed instrument, it sometimes also refers to a kind of blocked-end flute, which in some part of Macedonia is also called kaval or kavalce. Made of maple or other wood, it comes in two sizes: 700-780mm and 240-400mm (duduce). The blocked end is flat. Playing the duduk is fairly straightforward and easy, thus it is widely used throughout Macedonia. Its sound is clean and pleasant.

[edit] Use in popular media

The duduk was introduced to western popular music through Peter Gabriel's soundtrack album Passion for the controversial film The Last Temptation of Christ (1988), which featured virtuoso duduk player Vatche Hovsepian.

Duduk performances, with its haunting exotic sound, have since become a commonplace in film and television scores, such as The Hulk, The Siege, Ararat, Dead Man Walking, Syriana, Alexander, The Crow. The current trend for using it in film and television was started by the world-renowned duduk player Djivan Gasparyan who collaborated with composer Hans Zimmer for the film Gladiator (2000).

The contemporary Milanese composer and pianist Ludovico Einaudi's 1999 album Eden Roc features the Duduk performed on the tracks Yerevan and Odessa. Einaudi also uses the Duduk in the score to the televised Channel 4 remake of Dr Zhivago.

In 2002, System of a Down released the album "Toxicity" featuring the bonus track named "Arto" which intro is played on a duduk.

The opening song for the anime Yu-Gi-Oh! starts out with a duduk being played.^{[citation needed]}

A duduk solo played by Pedro Eustache ([1]) is featured on the soundtrack of The Passion of the Christ and on the track "Jenny Wren" on Paul McCartney's 2005 album Chaos and Creation in the Back Yard.

In the film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005), "A Narnia Lullaby" (performed onscreen by Mr. Tumnus (James McAvoy)) was played on duduk by Chris Bleth.

Composer Bear McCreary has used the instrument frequently in the soundtrack for the "re-imagined" Battlestar Galactica series.

The instrument is played whenever Zuko, an antagonist on the Asian-influenced Avatar the Last Airbender, switches to his Blue Spirit alter ego. It is also the basis for the Tsungi horn, a fictional instrument used on the show.

The Duduk can also be heard in several cues from the soundtracks of the Myst computer games, most notably in a solo heard at the beginning of Myst III: Exile's main theme, and in the main theme of Myst IV: Revelation.

The soundtrack for the film September Tapes features duduk performances by Gunnard Doboze.

In the Eagles' newest album, "The Long Road out of Eden," the title track makes use of the duduk.

Also, the theme music for one of the antagonists, Adelai Niska from the TV series, Firefly, incorporates a duduk as one of its main pieces.

[edit] See also

• Zurna
• Shvi
• Ney
• Persian music
• Music of Armenia
• Djivan Gasparyan
• Music of Dagestan
• Music of Azerbaijan
• Alihan Samedov

[edit] Notes

[edit] External links

• duduk.com
• duduk.co.uk
• Arthur Grigoryan duduks
• Duduk and Duduk Reed instructions
• Ararat Music Online
• Balkan Duduk
• Duduk practical page - Information and tips on playing and caring for a duduk.
• Karen Hakobyan - Pro music instruments master, duduk, zurna, bagpipe and much more, listen online demo
• Duduk community on Yahoo
• Jivan Gasparian - "Tribute"
• Jivan Gasparian "Horovel"
• Jivan Gasparian "Hin U Nor Husher"
• Vatche Hovsepian "Duduk"

v • d • e Double reed instruments (also includes those with quadruple and sextuple reeds)
European classical (modern)	Piccolo oboe • Piccolo heckelphone • Oboe • Oboe d'amore • Cor anglais (English horn) • Bass oboe • Heckelphone • Contrabass oboe • Tenoroon • Bassoon • Semi contrabassoon • Contrabassoon • Contraforte • Sarrusophone • Soprano sarrusophone • Alto sarrusophone • Tenor sarrusophone • Baritone sarrusophone • Bass sarrusophone • Contrabass sarrusophone • Rothphone • Contrabassophone • Reed contrabass • Tromboon
European classical (historical)	Aulos • Baroque oboe • Bassanelli • Cornamuse • Cromorne • Crumhorn • Dulcian • Hirtenschalmei • Kortholt • Oboe da caccia • Pommer • Rackett • Rauschpfeife • Shawm
African traditional	Algaita • Rhaita
Asian traditional	Duduk • Guan • Gyaling • Hichiriki • Hne • Kèn bầu • Kèn đám ma • Kuzhal • Mey • Mizmar • Nadaswaram • Pi • Piri • Shehnai • Sorna • Sralai • Suona • Taepyeongso • Zurna
European traditional	Aulos • Bifora • Bombarde • Catalan shawm • Dulzaina • Musette • Piffero • Sopila • Tárogató • Zurla
North American traditional	Trompeta china

az:Tütək

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