Digital watermarking

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Image:Visible digital watermarking.jpg
An image with visible digital watermarking. The text "Brian Kell 2006" can be seen across the center of the image.

A digital watermark is a signal which is embedded into digital data (audio, video, images and text) that could be detected or extracted later. It is mostly used to insert copyright information of the data. It takes its name from watermarking of paper or money as a security measure. Digital watermarking can be a form of steganography, in which a message is hidden in data without the end user's knowledge; except for, the important data in digital watermarking are the external data (audio, vedio, images...etc) while in steganography, the important data are the embedded (hidden) messages.


Contents

[edit] Digital Watermarking Techniques

Watermarking Algorithms can be classified based on their embedding domain as follows:

  • Spatial Domain:

The watermarking system directly alter the main data elements (like pixels in an image) by the watermark.

  • Transform Domain:

The watermarking system alters the frequency transforms of data elements, this has proved to be more robust than the spatial domain.

  • Feature Domain:

The watermarking system takes into account region, boundary and object characteristics. It presents better detection and recovery from attacks.

[edit] Applications

Digital Watermarking can be used for a wide range of applications such as:

  • Copyright protection.
  • Fingerprinting.
  • Broadcast Monitoring.
  • Covert Communication.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  • Multimedia security : steganography and digital watermarking techniques for protection of intellectual property / Chun-Shien Lu, Editor.
  • Multimedia security technologies for digital rights management/edited by Wenjun Zeng, Heather Yu, and Ching-Yung Lin.

[edit] Further reading

  1. S. P. Mohanty, N. Ranganathan, and K. Balakrishnan, "A Dual Voltage-Frequency VLSI Chip for Image Watermarking in DCT Domain", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II (TCAS-II), Vol. 53, No. 5, May 2006, pp. 394-398.
  2. S. P. Mohanty, K. R. Ramakrishnan, and M. S. Kanakanhalli, "A DCT Domain Visible Watermarking Technique for Images", in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) (Vol. 2), pp.1029-1032, 2000.
  3. S. P. Mohanty, K. R. Ramakrishnan, and M. S. Kanakanhalli, "An Adaptive DCT Domain Visible Watermarking Technique for Protection of Publicly Available Images", in Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia Processing and Systems (ICMPS), pp.195-198, 2000.
  4. S. P. Mohanty, K. R. Ramakrishnan, and M. S. Kanakanhalli, "A Dual Watermarking Technique for Images", in Proceedings of the 7th ACM International Multimedia Conference (ACMMM) (Vol. 2), pp.49-51, 1999.

[edit] External links

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es:Marca de agua digital fr:Tatouage numérique ja:電子透かし no:Digital vannmerking th:ลายน้ำดิจิทัล

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