Demographics of Sweden
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The demographics of Sweden have changed significantly as a result of immigration since World War II. In addition to the ethnic Swedish majority, Sweden has historically had smaller minorities of Sami people in the northernmost parts of the country and Finnish people in the Mälardalen and in the north of Sweden.
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[edit] Ethnicity
Beside the Swedes, the Sweden-Finns are the largest ethnic minority comprising approximately 50,000 indigenous people along the Swedish-Finnish border, and 450,000 first- and second generation immigrated ethnic Finns. Also in the farthest North a small indigenous population of Samis live (sometimes referred to as "Lapps", which, however, is considered a pejorative term by the Sami).
[edit] Language
Even though Sweden (similar to the United States) has no official language, Swedish dominates totally. The indigenous Finno-Ugric languages were repressed well into the 1960s. Since 1999 Sweden has five officially recognized minority languages: Sami, Meänkieli, Standard-Finnish, Romani chib and Yiddish. The Sami language, spoken by about 7,000 people in Sweden, may be used in government agencies, courts, preschools and nursing homes in the municipalities of Arjeplog, Gällivare, Jokkmokk and Kiruna and its immediate neighbourhood. Similary, Finnish and Meänkieli can be used in the municipalities of Gällivare, Haparanda, Kiruna, Pajala and Övertorneå and its immediate neighbourhood. Finnish is also official language, along with Swedish, in the city of Eskilstuna.
The largest minority languages are those spoken by immigrants, the most popular of which are Finnish, Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian, Arabic, Aramaic, Persian, Spanish, Kurdish, English, Baluchi and Somali.[1]
[edit] Emigration
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In the nineteenth century Sweden had a yearly population growth peaking at 1.2% – i.e. a doubling in less than 60 years, compared to 1% – today (migration excluded). This led, before the Industrial Revolution, to a pauperization of the rural population, for each generation inheriting smaller and smaller shares. Due to years of crop failures in the 1840s and 1860s, the U.S. Homestead Act of 1862, and to a lesser extent religious persecution, emigration started and grew. Between 1850 and 1930 1,050,000 Swedes emigrated (re-migration excluded), chiefly to Canada, U.S. and to Denmark. If they had not left, Sweden's population would have been about 2,000,000 higher today, given that famine and civil war hadn't been the outcome of their staying. (After 1929 the net-migration has been directed towards Sweden.)
The re-migration of Swedish nationals from U.S. was culturally more important than the absolute figures reveal. The re-migrants often re-settled in their native parish, where their relative wealth and foreign experience ensured a prestigious position in the community. U.S. views, values and not the least world-view followed the re-migrants, ensuring a popular perception of closeness to U.S., contrary to the situation in for instance neighbouring Denmark or Finland (and contrary to the Swedish elite's closeness to Germany and Europe).
[edit] Immigration
As of 2004, 12.5% of the population was foreign-born.
Finns make up about 5% of the whole population and in the areas near the border to Finland, they make up some 50% of the population.[citation needed] The original population of northern Sweden, the Sami people, (a folk group living in 4 countries) is only about 20,000 persons. Approximately 77,500 of the nation's population is of sub-Saharan African ancestry.[citation needed] The majority of Afro-Swedes are immigrants who came for political refuge and economic opportunity, including Ethiopians who fled from Communist rule in the 1970s and 1980s, and Somalians fleeing ongoing fighting there since the 1990s.[citation needed]
Sweden has taken in refugees fleeing repression, including Chile, Vietnam, Iran and more recently from conflict-zones in the former-Yugoslavia, Iraq and the Horn of Africa. On a smaller scale Sweden took in political refugees from Hungary and Czechoslovakia after their countries were invaded by the Soviet Union in 1956 and 1968 respectively. Some American draft dodgers from the Vietnam War also found refuge in Sweden.
A sizable community from the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) arrived during the Second World War, but most of them returned to their countries of birth after the war.[2]
Immigration increased markedly with World War II. Soon 70,000 war children were evacuated from Finland, of which 15,000 remained in Sweden. Also, many of Denmark's nearly 7000 Jews who were evacuated to Sweden decided to remain there. Until 1973 work-force immigration dominated, peaking in the late 1960s. The largest immigrant groups are Finns and peoples from the former Yugoslavia representing both work-force immigration and war refugees. Migration triggered by political crises include refugee groups of Persians, Kurds, Palestinians, Jews, Vietnamese, Chileans, Baluchis and Hungarians.
Net migration rate: 1 migrant/1,000 population (1989)
3 migrants/1,000 population (1990)
3 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
3 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
2 migrants/1,000 population (1993)
3 migrants/1,000 population (1994)
2.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995)
2.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996)
1.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1997)
1.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998)
1.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999)
0.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000)
0.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001)
0.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002)
1.00 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003)
1.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004)
1.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005)
1.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006)
[edit] Religion
Although an estimated 46 - 85%[citation needed] of Swedes are reported as being non-religious, the majority (78%) of the population belongs to the Church of Sweden, the Lutheran church separated from the state in 2000. This is because until recently, those who had family members in the church automatically became members at birth. Other Christian denominations in Sweden include Roman Catholic (see Catholic Church of Sweden), Orthodox, Baptist, and other evangelical Christian churches (frikyrkor = "free churches"). Some of the Sami practise Animism. There are also a number of Muslims, Buddhists and Jews in Sweden.
[edit] Statistics
According to Statistiska centralbyrån (Statistics Sweden), Sweden's population reached 9,000,000 on August 12, 2004. See the Swedish population web counter.
- Population: 9,081,100 (July 2006 est.)
- Population growth rate: 0.72% (2006 est.)
- Population growth: Averaging 1 person/15 minutes
- Net migration rate: 0.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
- Total fertility rate: 1.85 children born/woman (2006 est.)
- Infant mortality rate: 2.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth: 79.71 years
- Male: 77.07 years
- Female: 82.5 years (2001 est.)
[edit] Births and deaths
| Births | Deaths | Birth rate | Death rate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 138,139 | 86,146 | 27.0 | 16.8 |
| 1901 | 139,370 | 82,772 | 27.0 | 16.1 |
| 1902 | 137,364 | 79,722 | 26.5 | 15.4 |
| 1903 | 133,896 | 78,610 | 25.7 | 15.1 |
| 1904 | 134,952 | 80,152 | 25.7 | 15.3 |
| 1905 | 135,409 | 82,443 | 25.7 | 15.6 |
| 1906 | 136,620 | 76,366 | 25.7 | 14.4 |
| 1907 | 136,793 | 78,149 | 25.5 | 14.6 |
| 1908 | 138,874 | 80,568 | 25.7 | 14.9 |
| 1909 | 139,505 | 74,538 | 25.6 | 13.7 |
| 1910 | 135,625 | 77,212 | 24.7 | 14.0 |
| 1911 | 132,977 | 76,462 | 24.0 | 13.8 |
| 1912 | 132,868 | 79,241 | 23.8 | 14.2 |
| 1913 | 130,200 | 76,724 | 23.2 | 13.6 |
| 1914 | 129,458 | 78,311 | 22.9 | 13.8 |
| 1915 | 122,997 | 83,587 | 21.6 | 14.7 |
| 1916 | 121,679 | 77,771 | 21.2 | 13.6 |
| 1917 | 120,855 | 77,385 | 20.9 | 13.4 |
| 1918 | 117,955 | 104,594 | 20.3 | 18.0 |
| 1919 | 115,193 | 84,289 | 19.8 | 14.5 |
| 1920 | 138,753 | 78,128 | 23.6 | 13.3 |
| 1921 | 127,723 | 73,536 | 21.5 | 12.4 |
| 1922 | 116,946 | 76,343 | 19.6 | 12.8 |
| 1923 | 113,435 | 68,424 | 18.9 | 11.4 |
| 1924 | 109,055 | 72,001 | 18.1 | 12.0 |
| 1925 | 106,292 | 70,918 | 17.6 | 11.7 |
| 1926 | 102,007 | 71,344 | 16.8 | 11.8 |
| 1927 | 97,994 | 77,219 | 16.1 | 12.7 |
| 1928 | 97,868 | 73,267 | 16.1 | 12.0 |
| 1929 | 92,861 | 74,538 | 15.2 | 12.2 |
| 1930 | 94,220 | 71,790 | 15.4 | 11.7 |
| 1931 | 91,074 | 77,121 | 14.8 | 12.5 |
| 1932 | 89,779 | 71,459 | 14.5 | 11.6 |
| 1933 | 85,020 | 69,607 | 13.7 | 11.2 |
| 1934 | 85,092 | 69,921 | 13.7 | 11.2 |
| 1935 | 85,906 | 72,813 | 13.8 | 11.7 |
| 1936 | 88,938 | 74,836 | 14.2 | 12.0 |
| 1937 | 90,373 | 75,392 | 14.4 | 12.0 |
| 1938 | 93,946 | 72,693 | 14.9 | 11.5 |
| 1939 | 97,380 | 72,876 | 15.4 | 11.5 |
| 1940 | 95,778 | 72,748 | 15.1 | 11.4 |
| 1941 | 99,727 | 71,910 | 15.6 | 11.3 |
| 1942 | 113,961 | 63,741 | 17.7 | 9.9 |
| 1943 | 125,392 | 66,105 | 19.3 | 10.2 |
| 1944 | 134,991 | 72,284 | 20.6 | 11.0 |
| 1945 | 135,373 | 71,901 | 20.4 | 10.8 |
| 1946 | 132,597 | 70,635 | 19.7 | 10.5 |
| 1947 | 128,779 | 73,579 | 18.9 | 10.8 |
| 1948 | 126,683 | 67,693 | 18.4 | 9.8 |
| 1949 | 121,272 | 69,537 | 17.4 | 10.0 |
| 1950 | 115,414 | 70,296 | 16.5 | 10.0 |
| 1951 | 110,168 | 69,799 | 15.6 | 9.9 |
| 1952 | 110,192 | 68,270 | 15.5 | 9.6 |
| 1953 | 110,144 | 69,553 | 15.4 | 9.7 |
| 1954 | 105,096 | 69,030 | 14.6 | 9.6 |
| 1955 | 107,305 | 68,634 | 14.8 | 9.5 |
| 1956 | 107,960 | 70,205 | 14.8 | 9.6 |
| 1957 | 107,168 | 73,132 | 14.6 | 9.9 |
| 1958 | 105,502 | 71,065 | 14.2 | 9.6 |
| 1959 | 104,743 | 70,889 | 14.1 | 9.5 |
| 1960 | 102,219 | 75,093 | 13.7 | 10.0 |
| 1961 | 104,501 | 73,555 | 13.9 | 9.8 |
| 1962 | 107,284 | 76,791 | 14.2 | 10.2 |
| 1963 | 112,903 | 76,460 | 14.8 | 10.1 |
| 1964 | 122,664 | 76,661 | 16.0 | 10.0 |
| 1965 | 122,806 | 78,194 | 15.9 | 10.1 |
| 1966 | 123,354 | 78,440 | 15.8 | 10.0 |
| 1967 | 121,360 | 79,783 | 15.4 | 10.1 |
| 1968 | 113,087 | 82,476 | 14.3 | 10.4 |
| 1969 | 107,622 | 83,352 | 13.5 | 10.5 |
| 1970 | 110,150 | 80,026 | 13.7 | 9.9 |
| 1971 | 114,484 | 82,717 | 14.1 | 10.2 |
| 1972 | 112,273 | 84,051 | 13.8 | 10.3 |
| 1973 | 109,663 | 85,640 | 13.5 | 10.5 |
| 1974 | 109,874 | 86,316 | 13.5 | 10.6 |
| 1975 | 103,632 | 88,208 | 12.6 | 10.8 |
| 1976 | 98,345 | 90,677 | 12.0 | 11.0 |
| 1977 | 96,057 | 88,202 | 11.6 | 10.7 |
| 1978 | 93,248 | 89,681 | 11.3 | 10.8 |
| 1979 | 96,255 | 91,074 | 11.6 | 11.0 |
| 1980 | 97,064 | 91,800 | 11.7 | 11.0 |
| 1981 | 94,065 | 92,034 | 11.3 | 11.1 |
| 1982 | 92,748 | 90,671 | 11.1 | 10.9 |
| 1983 | 91,780 | 90,791 | 11.0 | 10.9 |
| 1984 | 93,889 | 90,483 | 11.3 | 10.9 |
| 1985 | 98,463 | 94,032 | 11.8 | 11.3 |
| 1986 | 101,950 | 93,295 | 12.2 | 11.1 |
| 1987 | 104,699 | 93,307 | 12.5 | 11.1 |
| 1988 | 112,080 | 96,743 | 13.3 | 11.5 |
| 1989 | 116,023 | 92,110 | 13.7 | 10.8 |
| 1990 | 123,938 | 95,161 | 14.5 | 11.1 |
| 1991 | 123,737 | 95,202 | 14.4 | 11.0 |
| 1992 | 122,848 | 94,710 | 14.2 | 10.9 |
| 1993 | 117,998 | 97,008 | 13.5 | 11.1 |
| 1994 | 112,257 | 91,844 | 12.8 | 10.5 |
| 1995 | 103,326 | 96,910 | 11.7 | 11.0 |
| 1996 | 95,297 | 94,133 | 10.8 | 10.6 |
| 1997 | 89,171 | 92,674 | 10.1 | 10.5 |
| 1998 | 88,384 | 92,891 | 10.0 | 10.5 |
| 1999 | 88,173 | 94,726 | 10.0 | 10.7 |
| 2000 | 90,441 | 93,285 | 10.2 | 10.5 |
| 2001 | 91,466 | 93,752 | 10.3 | 10.5 |
| 2002 | 95,815 | 95,009 | 10.7 | 10.6 |
| 2003 | 99,157 | 92,961 | 11.1 | 10.4 |
| 2004 | 100,928 | 90,532 | 11.2 | 10.1 |
| 2005 | 101,346 | 91,710 | 11.2 | 10.2 |
| 2006 | 105,913 | 91,177 | 11.7 | 10.0 |
[edit] Age structure
- 0-14 years: 18.19% (male 828,308; female 786,353)
- 15-64 years: 64.53% (male 2,911,949; female 2,814,730)
- 65 years and over: 17.28% (male 649,296; female 884,417) (2001 est.)
[edit] Sex ratio
- at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
- under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
- 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female
- total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2 est.)
[edit] Literacy
- definition: age 15 and over can read and write
- total population: 99% (2003 est.)
[edit] Nationality
noun: Swede(s)
adjective: Swedish
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ http://www.integrationsverket.se/tpl/NewsPage____1038.aspx
- ^ The Swedish Integration Board (2006). Pocket Facts: Statistics on Integration. Integrationsverket, 2006. ISBN 9189609301. Available online in pdf format. Retrieved 14 February 2007.
[edit] External links
- Population Statistics – in English
- Statistics Sweden – Official Data Base
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