de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou

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DHC-4 Caribou
The C-7 Caribou
Type STOL Transport
Manufacturer de Havilland Canada
Maiden flight 30 July 1958
Introduced 1961
Primary users United States Army
Royal Australian Air Force

The Canadian-designed and produced de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou (known in the U.S. military as CV-2 and C-7 Caribou) was designed as a specialized transport with short takeoff and landing (STOL) capability. The Caribou was first flown in 1958 and although mainly retired from military operations, is still in use in small numbers as a rugged "bush" aircraft.

Contents

[edit] Design and development

de Havilland Canada's third STOL design was a big step up in size compared to its earlier DHC Beaver and DHC Otter, and was the first DHC design powered by two engines. The Caribou, however, was similar in concept in that it was designed as a rugged STOL utility. The Caribou was primarily a military tactical transport that in commercial service found itself a small niche in cargo hauling. The United States Army ordered 173 in 1959 and took delivery in 1961 under the designation AC-1 which then changed to CV-2 Caribou.

The majority of Caribou production was destined for military operators, but the type's ruggedness and excellent STOL capabilities also appealed to a select group of commercial users. US certification was awarded on 23 December 1960. Ansett-MAL, which operated a single example in the New Guinea highlands, and AMOCO Ecuador were early customers, as was Air America, (a CIA front in South East Asia during the Vietnam War era for covert operations). Other civil Caribou aircraft entered commercial service after being retired from their military users.

Today only a handful are in civil use.

[edit] Operational service

Image:Caribou at Dover AMC museum.jpg
A C7 Caribou in its Vietnam service colours at Dover AFB in July 2007.

In response to a US Army requirement for a tactical airlifter to supply the battlefront with troops and supplies and evacuate casualties on the return journey, de Havilland Canada designed the DHC-4. With assistance from Canada's Department of Defence Production, DHC built a prototype demonstrator that flew for the first time on 30 July 1958.

Impressed with the DHC4's STOL capabilities and potential, the US Army ordered five for evaluation as YAC-1s and went on to become the largest Caribou operator. The AC-1 designation was changed in 1962 to CV-2, and then C-7 when the US Army's CV-2s were transferred to the US Air Force in 1967. US and Australian Caribou saw extensive service during the Vietnam conflict.

The U.S. Army purchased 159 of the aircraft and they served their purpose well as a tactical transport during the Vietnam War, where larger cargo aircraft such as the C-123 Provider and the C-130 Hercules could not land on the shorter landing strips. The aircraft could carry 32 troops or two Jeeps or similar light vehicles. The rear loading ramp could also be used for parachute dropping.

In 1967, a political decision was made by the United States Air Force who, believing that all fixed-wing aircraft operations were its own province, demanded that the Army turn over the Caribou. The Army ultimately traded the Caribou to the Air Force in exchange for an end to restrictions on Army helicopter operations. In addition, some US Caribou were captured by North Vietnamese forces and remained in service with that country through to the late 1970s.

Most of the C-7s have since been phased out of the US military. Other notable military operators included: Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Malaysia and Spain.

In current service, the Royal Australian Air Force still operates 14 Caribous, which are due to be replaced by 2012, while Brazil's Caribous are slowly being replaced by more modern EADS CASA C-295 turboprop cargo airplanes.

[edit] Variants

DHC-4 Caribou
STOL tactical transport, utility transport aircraft.
CC-108
Royal Canadian Air Force designation for the DHC-4 Caribou.
YAC-1
This designation was given to five DHC-4 Caribous, sold to the United States Army for evaluation.
AC-1
United States Army destination for the DHC-4 Caribou. Later redesignated CV-2A in 1962.
CV-2A
United States Army AC-1 redesignated in 1962.
CV-2B
This designation was given to a second batch of DHC-4 Caribous, which were sold to the US Army.
C-7A/B
This designation was given to all 134 US Army CV-2A/B Caribous, which were transferred to the US Air Force.
DHC-4A Caribou
Similar to the DHC-4, but this version had an increased take-off weight.
DHC-4T Turbo Caribou
A conversion of the baseline DHC-4 Caribou powered by the PWC PT6A-67T turboprop engines designed, test flown and certified by the Pen Turbo Aviation company.

[edit] Operators

[edit] Military operators

Image:Flag of Abu Dhabi.svg Abu Dhabi
Image:Flag of Australia.svg Australia
Image:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil
Image:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia
Image:Flag of Canada.svg Canada
Image:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia[citation needed]
Image:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica[citation needed]
Image:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana
Image:Flag of India.svg India
Image:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya[citation needed]
Image:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait
Image:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia[citation needed]
Image:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia
Image:Flag of Oman.svg Oman
Image:Flag of Spain.svg Spain
Image:Flag of South Vietnam.svg South Vietnam
Image:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
  • Swedish Air Force operated one DHC-4 Caribou designated Tp 55 between 1962 and 1965 for evaluation purposes in F7 Wing.[4]
Image:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania
Image:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand
Image:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda[citation needed]
  • Ugandan Police Air Wing
Image:Flag of the United States.svg United States
Image:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam
Image:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia[citation needed]

[edit] Civil operators

Image:Flag of Australia.svg Australia
Image:Flag of Canada.svg Canada
  • La Sarre Air Services
Image:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador
  • AMOCO Ecuador
  • Anglo-Ecuador Oilfields
  • Aerolineas Condor of SA
Image:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon
  • Air Inter Gabon
Image:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia
  • Trigana Air
Image:Flag of Malta.svg Malta
  • New Cal Aviation
Image:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea
  • Garamut Exploration Services
  • Vanimo Trading
Image:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan
Image:Flag of the United States.svg United States

[edit] Survivors

de Havilland AC-1 60-3767
Exhibited at Travis AFB Museum, California
de Havilland AC-1A 62-4188
On display at New England Air Museum, Bradley Airport, Connecticut
de Havilland CV-2B Caribou 63-9756
Exhibited at Museum of Aviation, Warner Robins AFB, Georgia
de Havilland CV-2B Caribou 63-9760
Exhibited at Dover AFB Historical Center, Delaware.
de Havilland C-7A Caribou 62-4193
Exhibited at the National Museum of the United States Air Force, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio

[edit] Specifications (C-7B)

General characteristics

  • Crew: Three
  • Length: 72.58 ft (22.12 m)
  • Wingspan: 95.58 ft (29.13 m)
  • Height: 31.66 ft (9.65 m)
  • Wing area: 912 ft² (84.7 m²)
  • Empty weight: 18,260 lb (8,283 kg)
  • Loaded weight: 31,000 lb (14,198 kg)
  • Powerplant: 2× Pratt and Whitney R-2000-7M2 Twin Wasp 14-cylinder , 1,450 hp (1,081 kW) each

Performance

[edit] References

Notes
  1. ^ Kuwait Air Force (KAF) entry at the Scramble magazine website
  2. ^ Malaysian Forces Overview entry at the Scramble magazine website
  3. ^ Royal Air Force of Oman entry at the Scramble magazine website
  4. ^ Caribou Roster
  5. ^ Caribou Roster
  6. ^ http://www.wings.de.ms
Bibliography

[edit] External links

[edit] Related content

Related development

Comparable aircraft

Designation sequence

See also

v • d • e
de Havilland Canada aircraft models

DHC-1 · DHC-2 · DHC-3 · DHC-4 · DHC-5 · DHC-6 · DHC-7 · DHC-8

CS2F Tracker · Gipsy Moth · Tiger Moth · Fox Moth · Mosquito

v • d • e
Lists relating to aviation
GeneralTimeline of aviation · Aircraft · Aircraft manufacturers · Aircraft engines · Aircraft engine manufacturers · Airports · Airlines
MilitaryAir forces · Aircraft weapons · Missiles · Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) · Experimental aircraft
Notable incidents and accidentsMilitary aviation · Airliners · General aviation · Famous aviation-related deaths
RecordsFlight airspeed record · Flight distance record · Flight altitude record · Flight endurance record · Most produced aircraft
de:de Havilland Canada DHC-4

it:de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou ms:C-7 Caribou ja:C-7 (航空機) th:เดอ ฮาวิลแลนด์ แคนาดา ดีเอชซี-4 คาริบู

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