Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
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| Cyril Norman Hinshelwood | |
|---|---|
| Image:Replace this image male.svg | |
| Born | June 19 1897 London, England |
| Died | October 9 1967 (aged 70) |
| Field | physical chemistry |
| Institutions | University of Oxford |
| Alma mater | Oxford University |
| Notable prizes | Nobel Prize in Chemistry Image:Nobel Prize.png |
Born in London, his parents were Norman Macmillan Hinshelwood, a chartered accountant, and Ethe Frances née Smith. He was educated first in Canada, returning in 1905 on the death of his father to a small flat in Chelsea where he lived for the rest of his life. He then studied at Westminster City School and Balliol College, Oxford University.
During the First World War, Hinshelwood was a chemist in an explosives factory. He was a tutor at Trinity College from 1921 to 1937 and was Dr Lee’s Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oxford from 1937. He served on several Advisory Councils on scientific matters to the British Government. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1929, serving as President from 1955 to 1960. He was knighted in 1948 and appointed to the Order of Merit in 1960.
His early studies of molecular kinetics led to the publication of Thermodynamics for Students of Chemistry and The Kinetics of Chemical Change in 1926. With Harold Warris Thompson he studied the explosive reaction of Hydrogen and Oxygen and described the phenomenon of chain reaction. His subsequent work on chemical changes in the bacterial cell proved to be of great importance in later research work on antibiotics and therapeutic agents, and his book, The Chemical Kinetics of the Bacterial Cell was published in 1946, followed by Growth, Function and Regulation in Bacterial Cells in 1966. In 1951 he published The Structure of Physical Chemistry. It was republished as an Oxford Classic Texts in the Physical Sciences by Oxford University Press in 2005.
With Nikolay Semenov of the USSR, Hinshelwood was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1956 for his researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions.
Sir Cyril was President of the Chemical Society and of the Faraday Society, and gained many awards and honorary degrees.
Sir Cyril never married. He was fluent in many languages and his main hobbies were painting, collecting Chinese pottery, and foreign literature. He died, at home, on 9 October, 1967.
[edit] See also
- E. J. Bowen, a contemporary Oxford chemist
[edit] References
- C. F. Cullis (1967). "Obituary: Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, KT., O.M., M.A., D.SC., F.R.S., 1897–1967". Journal Chemical Society: X001 - X002. doi:10.1039/JR945000X001.
- Harold Thompson (1973). "Cyril Norman Hinshelwood. 1897-1967". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 19: 374-431.
- J. S. Rowlinson (2004). "The wartime work of Hinshelwood and his colleagues". Science 58 (2): 161-175. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2004.0050.
[edit] External links
- Hinshelwood's Nobel Foundation biography
- Hinshelwood's Nobel Lecture Chemical Kinetics in the Past Few Decades
- Hinshelwood Archives at the Royal Society
| Honorary titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Edgar Adrian | President of the Royal Society 1955–1960 | Succeeded by Howard Florey |
Nobel Laureates in Chemistry |
|---|
Edwin McMillan / Glenn T. Seaborg (1951) • Archer Martin / Richard Synge (1952) • Hermann Staudinger (1953) • Linus Pauling (1954) • Vincent du Vigneaud (1955) • Cyril Hinshelwood / Nikolay Semyonov (1956) • Alexander Todd (1957) • Frederick Sanger (1958) • Jaroslav Heyrovský (1959) • Willard Libby (1960) • Melvin Calvin (1961) • Max Perutz / John Kendrew (1962) • Karl Ziegler / Giulio Natta (1963) • Dorothy Hodgkin (1964) • Robert Woodward (1965) • Robert S. Mulliken (1966) • Manfred Eigen / Norrish / George Porter (1967) • Lars Onsager (1968) • Derek Barton / Odd Hassel (1969) • Luis Federico Leloir (1970) • Gerhard Herzberg (1971) • Christian B. Anfinsen / Stanford Moore / William Stein (1972) • E.O.Fischer / Geoffrey Wilkinson (1973) • Paul Flory (1974) • John Cornforth / Vladimir Prelog (1975) |
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