Chelyabinsk
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chelyabinsk (Russian: Челя́бинск) is a city in Russia, located just to the east of the Ural Mountains, on Miass River. It is the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast. Population: 1,077,174 (2002 Census);[1] 1,141,777 (1989 Census).[2] It is served by Chelyabinsk Balandino Airport.
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[edit] History
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Fortress Chelyaba, from which the city takes its name, was constructed on the site in 1736; the city was incorporated in 1781. Around 1900, it served as a center for the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
During the Soviet industrialization of the 1930s, Chelyabinsk experienced a fast growth. Several industrial establishments, including the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant and the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant, were built at this time. During World War II, Joseph Stalin decided to move a large part of Soviet factory production to places out of the way of the advancing German armies in late 1941. This brought new industries and thousands of workers to Chelyabinsk—still essentially a small city. Several enormous facilities for the production of T-34 tanks and Katyusha rocket launchers existed in Chelyabinsk, which became known as "Tankograd" (Tank City). Chelyabinsk was built essentially from scratch at this time. A small town existed before this, signs of which can be found in the centre of the city. The S.M. Kirov Factory no. 185 moved here from Leningrad to produce heavy tanks—it was transferred to Omsk after 1962.
A serious nuclear accident in 1957 at the Mayak nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, 150 km north-west of the city, caused deaths in Chelyabinsk Oblast but not in the city. The province was closed to all foreigners until 1992.
[edit] Famous people from Chelyabinsk
[edit] Politicians
- Viktor Khristenko - politician, the Industry and Energy Minister since March 9, 2004. Prior to that, held a number of government posts, including a brief stint in 2004 as an acting Prime Minister (from February, 24 to March, 5)
- Nelly Rokita - adviser of Polish PresidentLech Kaczynski, wife of politician Jan Rokita
[edit] Scientists
- Makhmut Gareev — General of the Army, a historian, and a military scientist
[edit] Men of art
- Lera Auerbach — one of the most widely performed composers of the new generation
[edit] Developers
- Eugene Roshal - Developer of the WinRAR compression utility
[edit] Sportsmen
[edit] Ice Hockey
- Sergei Makarov - former Traktor Chelyabinsk, CSKA Moscow, Soviet national team, Calgary Flames, San Jose Sharks, and Dallas Stars hockey player. One of the greatest players in the history of International Hockey, "M" in the famous KLM line of the late 1970s - early 1980s (together with Igor Larionov and Vladimir Krutov)
- Sergei Babinov and Sergei Starikov- 2 former USSR national team defencemen.
- Vyacheslav (Slava) Bykov - former Traktor Chelyabinsk, CSKA Moscow and Soviet national team hockey player. Since August 10, 2006 - head coach of the Russian national hockey team
- Dimitri Kalinin - Buffalo Sabres Ice Hockey Player
- Sergei Gonchar - Pittsburgh Penguins Ice Hockey Player
- Andrei Nazarov - former Minnesota Wild, San Jose Sharks, Tampa Bay Lightning, Calgary Flames, Anaheim Mighty Ducks, Boston Bruins and Phoenix Coyotes player of theNational Hockey League. Currently employed as the head coach of Traktor Chelyabinsk
- Evgeny Davydov — retired Russian professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League for the Winnipeg Jets, Florida Panthers and the Ottawa Senators
[edit] Speed Skating
- Svetlana Bazhanova — olympic champion 1994 in speed skating
[edit] Chess
- Evgeny Sveshnikov — Latvian International Grandmaster of chess
[edit] Education
There are over a dozen universities in Chelyabinsk. The main ones are South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk State University and Chelyabinsk Medical Academy. The oldest one is Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical University, which was founded in 1934.
[edit] Economy
Chelyabinsk is one of the major industrial centers of Russia. Heavy industry predominates, especially metallurgy and military machinery, notably the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Combinate (CMK, ChMK), Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (CTZ, ChTZ), Chelyabinsk Electrode plant (CHEZ) and the Chelyabinsk Tube Rolling Plant (CHTPZ).
Chelyabinsk also has several electronics plants, including "Metran", "Polet" and "Zavod Electromashina", that serve both military and civil needs.
[edit] Chelyabinsk Metro
Chelyabinsk started construction of a 3-line subway network in 1993. It is proceeding slowly using the New Austrian Tunneling method. Pending financing, the opening of the first section is scheduled for 2010.
[edit] References
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000) (Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved on 2007-12-13.
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.) (Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics (1989). Retrieved on 2007-12-13.
[edit] External links
- Website about Chelyabinsk (English)
- Chelyabinsk news (English)
| Image:Coat of arms of Chelyabinsk Oblast.svg | Cities and towns in Chelyabinsk Oblast | Image:Flag of Chelyabinsk Oblast.svg |
| Administrative center: Chelyabinsk Asha | Bakal | Chebarkul | Karabash | Kartaly | Kasli | Katav-Ivanovsk | Kopeysk | Korkino | Kusa | Kyshtym | Magnitogorsk | Miass | Minyar | Nyazepetrovsk | Ozyorsk | Plast | Satka | Sim | Snezhinsk | Troitsk | Tryokhgorny | Ust-Katav | Verkhny Ufaley | Yemanzhelinsk | Yuryuzan | Yuzhnouralsk | Verkhneuralsk | Zlatoust |
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