Charles XV of Sweden
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Karl XV (Karl Ludvig Eugen) (May 3, 1826 – September 18, 1872) was King of Sweden and Norway (where he was known as Karl IV) from 1859 until his death. He was the eldest son of King Oscar I and Josephine of Leuchtenberg. On June 19, 1850 he married Princess Louise of the Netherlands, granddaughter of William I of the Netherlands.
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[edit] Biography
He was born in Stockholm Palace and created Duke of Skåne at birth. The Crown Prince was Viceroy of Norway briefly in 1856 and 1857. He became Regent on September 25, 1857, and king on the death of his father on July 8, 1859. As grandson of Augusta of Bavaria, he was a descendant of Gustav I of Sweden and Charles IX of Sweden, whose blood returned to the throne after being lost in 1818 when Charles XIII of Sweden died.
As Crown Prince, Charles' brusque manner led many to regard his future accession with some apprehension, yet he proved to be one of the most popular of Scandinavian kings and a constitutional ruler in the best sense of the word. His reign was remarkable for its manifold and far-reaching reforms. Sweden's existing communal law (1862), ecclesiastical law (1863) and criminal law (1864) were enacted appropriately enough under the direction of a king whose motto was: Land skall med lag byggas - "With law shall the land be built". Charles also helped Louis De Geer to carry through his memorable reform of the Riksdag in 1866. He also declared the freedom of women by passing the law of legal maturity for unmarried women in 1858 - his sister princess Eugenie became the first woman who was declared independent.
Charles was a warm advocate of Scandinavianism and the political solidarity of the three northern kingdoms, and his warm friendship for Frederick VII of Denmark, it is said, led him to give half promises of help to Denmark on the eve of the war of 1864, which, in the circumstances, were perhaps misleading and unjustifiable. In view, however, of the unpreparedness of the Swedish army and the difficulties of the situation, Charles was forced to observe a strict neutrality. He died in Malmö on September 18, 1872.
Charles XV was highly gifted in many directions. He attained to some eminence as a painter, and his poems show him to have been a true poet. He was followed on both the thrones of Norway and Sweden by his brother Oscar II.
A few weeks before Charles' death, his daughter Louise (then the Crown Princess of Denmark) gave birth to her second son. The young Prince of Denmark became christened as grandfather Charles' namesake, and in 1905 this grandson, Prince Carl of Denmark, ascended the throne of Norway, becoming thus his maternal grandfather's successor in that country, and assumed the reign name Haakon VII. The present king, Harald V of Norway, is Charles' great-great-grandson, through his father and mother.
No subsequent king of Sweden to this day is Charles' direct descendant. However, his descendants are or have been on the thrones of Denmark, Luxembourg, Greece, Belgium and Norway.
[edit] Ancestry
| 16. Jean Bernadotte | ||||||||||||||||
| 8. Jean Henri Bernadotte | ||||||||||||||||
| 17. Marie du Pucheu | ||||||||||||||||
| 4. Charles XIV John of Sweden | ||||||||||||||||
| 18. Jean de Saint Vincent | ||||||||||||||||
| 9. Jeanne de Saint Vincent | ||||||||||||||||
| 19. Marie d'Abbadie de Sireix | ||||||||||||||||
| 2. Oscar I of Sweden | ||||||||||||||||
| 20. Joseph Clary | ||||||||||||||||
| 10. François Clary | ||||||||||||||||
| 21. Françoise Agnes Ammoric | ||||||||||||||||
| 5. Désirée Clary | ||||||||||||||||
| 22. Joseph Ignace Somis | ||||||||||||||||
| 11. Françoise Rose Somis | ||||||||||||||||
| 23. | ||||||||||||||||
| 1. Charles XV of Sweden | ||||||||||||||||
| 24. François de Beauharnais, Marquess de la La Ferté-Beauharnais | ||||||||||||||||
| 12. Alexandre, vicomte de Beauharnais | ||||||||||||||||
| 25. Marie Anne Henriette Françoise Pyvart de Chastulle | ||||||||||||||||
| 6. Eugène de Beauharnais | ||||||||||||||||
| 26. Joseph-Gaspard de Tascher | ||||||||||||||||
| 13. Joséphine de Tascher de La Pagerie | ||||||||||||||||
| 27. Rose-Claire des Vergers de Sanois | ||||||||||||||||
| 3. Duchess Josephine of Leuchtenberg | ||||||||||||||||
| 28. Count Palatine Frederick Michael of Zweibrücken | ||||||||||||||||
| 14. Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria | ||||||||||||||||
| 29. Countess Palatine Maria Franziska of Sulzbach | ||||||||||||||||
| 7. Princess Augusta of Bavaria | ||||||||||||||||
| 30. Prince Georg Wilhelm of Hesse-Darmstadt | ||||||||||||||||
| 15. Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt | ||||||||||||||||
| 31. Countess Marie Luise of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Heidesheim | ||||||||||||||||
[edit] Family
He was married to Louise of the Netherlands in 1850, but the couple was very unlike as people; though she was in love with him, he preferred other women, such as the actresses Johanna Styrell and Elise Jakobsson-Hwasser (the latter the most celebrated actress in Sweden during his reign) and neglected his shy wife. He relationship to his daughter, on the other hand, was warm and close.
- Princess Louise, later Queen of Denmark (1851-1926)
- Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland (1852-1854)
[edit] External links
- The Royal Norwegian Order of St Olav - Norwegian and Swedish Monarchs Grand Masters of the Order
- Family tree of the Royal Norwegian House
- Kings of Norway (in Norwegian)
- Much material on early kings (in Norwegian)
| Karl XV/IV Born: May 3 1826 Died: September 18 1872
| ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Oscar I | King of Sweden 1859-1872 | Succeeded by Oscar II |
| King of Norway 1859-1872 | ||
| Titles of nobility | ||
| New title | Duke of Skåne 1826-1859 | Vacant Title next held by Gustav Adolf
|
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Severin Løvenskiold | Prime Minister of Norway 1856 | Succeeded by Jørgen Herman Vogt |
| Preceded by Jørgen Herman Vogt | Prime Minister of Norway 1857 | |
Monarchs of Norway | |
|---|---|
| Fairhair dynasty (except *) | Harald Fairhair · Eric Bloodaxe · Haakon the Good · Harald Greycloak · Haakon Sigurdsson* · Olaf Tryggvason · Eiríkr Hákonarson (R)* & Sveinn Hákonarson (R)* & Hákon Eiríksson (R)* · Sweyn Forkbeard*†§ · Olaf the Saint · Hákon Eiríksson (R)* · Canute the Great*†§ · Sveinn Álfífuson · Magnus the Good† · Harald Hard-rule · Magnus Haraldsson · Olaf Kyrre · Haakon Magnusson & Magnus Barefoot · Olaf Magnusson · Eystein Magnusson · Sigurd the Crusader · Magnus the Blind · Harald Gille · Sigurd Munn · Eystein Haraldsson · Inge Bent-back · Haakon Herdebrei · Magnus Erlingsson · Sverre Sigurdsson · Haakon Sverresson · Guttorm Sigurdsson · Inge Bårdsson · Haakon Haakonsson · Magnus the Law-mender · Eric Magnusson · Haakon Magnusson |
| House of Bjelbo | Magnus Ericsson‡ · Haakon Magnusson‡ · Olaf Haakonsson† |
| The Kalmar union | Margaret†‡ · Eric of Pomerania†‡ · Christopher of Bavaria†‡ · Charles I‡ |
| House of Oldenburg (Under Denmark) | Christian I† · Hans† · Christian II† · Frederick I† · Christian III† · Frederick II† · Christian IV† · Frederick III† · Christian V† · Frederick IV† · Christian VI† · Frederick V† · Christian VII† · Frederick VI† |
| Independence of 1814 | Christian Frederick† |
| House of Bernadotte (Union with Sweden) | Charles II (not Bernadotte)‡ · Charles III John‡ · Oscar I‡ · Charles IV‡ · Oscar II‡ |
| House of Schleswig-Holstein- Sonderburg-Glücksburg | Haakon VII · Olav V · Harald V |
| (R) Regent · † also Monarch of Denmark · ‡ also Monarch of Sweden · § also Monarch of England | |
Monarchs of Sweden | |
|---|---|
| House of Munsö | Eric the Victorious & Olof Björnsson · Olof Skötkonung · Anund Jacob · Emund the Old |
| House of Stenkil | Stenkil · Eric Stenkilsson & Eric the Pagan · Halsten · Anund Gårdske · Haakon the Red · Halsten & Inge the Elder · Blot-Sweyn · Eric of Good Harvests · Inge the Elder · Philip Halstensson & Inge the Younger · Ragnvald Knaphövde · Magnus the Strong |
| Houses of Eric (E) and Sverker (S) | Sverker the Elder (S) · Eric the Saint (E) · Magnus Henriksen · Charles Sverkersson (S) · Kol & Boleslas (S) · Canute I (E) · Sverker the Younger (S) · Eric Canutesson (E) · John Sverkersson (S) · Eric Ericsson (E) · Canute II · Eric Ericsson (E) |
| House of Bjelbo | Valdemar Birgersson · Magnus Ladulås · Birger Magnusson · Mats Kettilmundsson (regent) · Magnus Ericsson‡ · Eric Magnusson · Magnus Ericsson & Haakon Magnusson‡ |
| House of Mecklenburg | Albrekt of Mecklenburg |
| Monarchs (M) and Regents (R) during the Kalmar Union | Margaret I of Denmark (M)†‡ & Eric of Pomerania (M)†‡ · Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson (R) · Eric of Pomerania (M)†‡ · Charles Canutesson (R) · Eric of Pomerania (M)†‡ · Charles Canutesson (R) · Christopher of Bavaria (M)†‡ · Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna) (R) & Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna) (R) · Charles Canutesson (M)‡ · Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna (R) & Erik Axelsson Tott (R) · Christian I (M)†‡ · Kettil Karlsson (Vasa) (R) · Charles Canutesson (M) · Kettil Karlsson (Vasa) (R) · Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna (R) · Erik Axelsson Tott (R) · Charles Canutesson (M) · Sten Sture the Elder (R) · John II (M)†‡ · Sten Sture the Elder (R) · Svante Nilsson (R) · Eric Trolle (R) · Sten Sture the Younger (R) · Christian II (M)†‡ · Gustav Eriksson (Vasa) (R) |
| House of Vasa | Gustav I · Eric XIV · John III · Sigismund* · Charles IX · Gustavus Adolphus · Christina |
| House of Palatinate- Zweibrücken | Charles X Gustav · Charles XI · Charles XII · Ulrika Eleonora |
| House of Hesse-Kassel | Frederick I |
| House of Holstein-Gottorp | Adolf Frederick · Gustav III · Gustav IV Adolf · Charles XIII‡ |
| House of Bernadotte | Charles XIV John‡ · Oscar I‡ · Charles XV‡ · Oscar II‡ · Gustav V · Gustav VI Adolf · Carl XVI Gustaf |
| † also Monarch of Denmark · ‡ also Monarch of Norway · * also Monarch of Poland | |
[edit] References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.ca:Carles XV de Suècia
cs:Karel XV. da:Karl 15. af Sverige de:Karl XV. (Schweden) et:Karl XV es:Carlos XV eo:Karlo la 15-a (Svedio) fr:Charles XV de Suède it:Carlo XV di Svezia ka:კარლ XV (შვედეთი) la:Carolus XV (rex Sueciae) mr:चार्ल्स पंधरावा, स्वीडन nl:Karel XV van Zweden ja:カール15世 (スウェーデン王) no:Karl IV nn:Karl XV av Sverige pl:Karol XV pt:Carlos XV da Suécia ru:Карл XV fi:Kaarle XV sv:Karl XV
