Bulgarian lev
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| Bulgarian lev български лев (Bulgarian) | |||
| |||
| ISO 4217 Code | BGN | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| User(s) | Bulgaria | ||
| Inflation | 7.2% | ||
| Source | The World Factbook, 2006 est. | ||
| Pegged with | euro = 1.95583 leva | ||
| Subunit | |||
| 1/100 | stotinka | ||
| Symbol | лв | ||
| Plural | levove, numeric: leva | ||
| stotinka | stotinki | ||
| Coins | 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 stotinki, 1 lev | ||
| Banknotes | 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 leva | ||
| Central bank | Bulgarian National Bank | ||
| Website | www.bnb.bg | ||
| Mint | Bulgarian Mint | ||
| Website | www.mint.bg | ||
The lev (Bulgarian: лев, plural: лева, левове / leva, levove) is the currency of Bulgaria. It is divided in 100 stotinki (стотинки, singular: stotinka, стотинка). In archaic Bulgarian the word "lev" meant "lion", akin to the Romanian and Moldovan lei.
Contents |
[edit] History
[edit] First lev, 1881–1952
The lev was introduced as Bulgaria's currency in 1881 with a value equal to the French franc. The gold standard was suspended between 1899 and 1906 before being suspended again in 1912. Until 1916, Bulgaria's silver and gold coins were issued to the same specifications as those of the Latin Monetary Union. Banknotes were issued until 1928 were backed by gold ("leva zlato" or "zlatni", "лева злато" or "златни") or silver ("leva srebro" or "srebarni", "лева сребро" or "сребърни"). ISO 4217 codes have been assigned to the lev overall (BGO) and the gold lev (BGZ) and silver lev (BGS).
In 1928, a new gold standard of 1 lev = 10.86956 mg gold was established. In 1940, the lev was pegged to the German Reichsmark at a rate of 32.75 leva = 1 Reichsmark. With the Soviet occupation in September 1944, the lev was pegged to the Soviet ruble at 15 leva = 1 ruble. A series of pegs to the U.S. dollar followed: 120 leva = 1 dollar in October 1945, 286.50 leva in December 1945 and 143.25 leva in March 1947. No coins were issued after 1943; only banknotes were issued until the currency reform of 1952.
[edit] Second lev, 1952–62
In 1952, following wartime inflation, a new lev replaced the original lev at a rate of 1 "new" lev = 100 "old" leva. The ISO 4217 code was BGM. The new lev was pegged to the U. S. dollar at a rate of 6.8 leva = 1 dollar, falling to 9.52 leva on July 29, 1957.
[edit] Third lev, 1962–99
In 1962, another redenomination took place at the rate of 10 to 1, setting the exchange rate at 1.17 leva = 1 U. S. dollar, with the tourist rate falling to 2 leva on February 1, 1964. The ISO 4217 code was BGL. After this, the lev remained fairly stable for almost three decades. However, like other Communist countries' currencies, it was not freely convertible for Western funds. Consequently, black market rates were five to ten times higher than the official rate.
After the fall of Communism, Bulgaria experienced several episodes of drastic inflation and currency devaluation. In order to change this, in 1997, the lev was pegged to the Deutsche Mark (DEM), at a rate of 1000 leva to the Deutsche Mark.
[edit] Fourth lev, 1999–present
On July 5, 1999 the lev was redenominated at 1000:1 with 1 new lev equal to 1 Deutsche Mark. The ISO 4217 currency code for the new Bulgarian lev is BGN.
[edit] Coins
[edit] First lev
Between 1881 and 1884, bronze 2, 5 and 20 stotinki, and silver 50 stotinki, 1, 2 and 5 leva were introduced, followed, in 1888, by cupro-nickel 2½, 5, 10 and 20 stotinki. Gold 10 and 20 leva were issued in 1894. Bronze 1 stotinka were introduced in 1901.
Production of silver coins ceased in 1916, with zinc replacing cupro-nickel in the 5, 10 and 20 stotinki in 1917. In 1923, aluminium 1 and 2 leva coins were introduced, followed by cupro-nickel pieces in 1925. In 1930, cupro-nickel 5 and 10 leva and silver 20, 50 and 100 leva were introduced, with silver coins issued until 1937, in which year aluminium-bronze 50 stotinki were issued.
In 1940, cupro-nickel 20 and 50 leva were issued, followed, in 1941, by iron 1, 2, 5 and 10 leva. In 1943, nickel-clad-steel 5, 10 and 50 leva were struck. These were the last coins issued for this version of the lev.
[edit] Second lev
In 1952, coins (dated 1951) were introduced in denominations of 1, 3, 5, 10 and 25 stotinki, with the lower three denominations in brass and the higher three in cupro-nickel. Cupro-nickel 20 stotinki dated 1952 were also issued, followed by 50 stotinki in 1959 and 1 lev in 1960 (both also in cupro-nickel).
[edit] Third lev
In 1962, brass 1, 2 and 5 stotinki, and nickel-brass 10, 20 and 50 stotinki and 1 lev were introduced.
| Communist era coins | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Denomination | Diameter | Weight | Composition | Obverse | Reverse | Minted Year |
| 1 stotinka | 15.2 mm | 1 g | Brass | Coat of Arms | Denomination and date | 1962-90 | |
| Image:Bulgaria 07.gif | 2 stotinki | 18.1 mm | 2 g | ||||
| Image:Bulgaria 05.gif | 5 stotinki | 22.35 mm | 3.1 g | ||||
| Image:Bulgaria 06.gif | 10 stotinki | 17.1 mm | 1.8 g | Nickel-brass | |||
| Image:Bulgaria 04.gif | 20 stotinki | 21.2 mm | 2.9 g | ||||
| 50 stotinki | 23.3 mm | 4.2 g | |||||
| Image:Bulgaria 02.gif | 1 lev | ?? | ?? | ||||
In 1992, a new coinage was introduced in denominations of 10, 20 and 50 stotinki, 1, 2, 5 and 10 leva. All were struck in nickel-brass except for the cupro-nickel 10 leva. In 1997, nickel-brass 10, 20 and 50 leva were introduced.
[edit] Fourth lev
In 1999, coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 stotinki and 1 lev were introduced. The 1 and 2 stotinki are struck in brass, the 5 stotinki in bronze and the 10, 20 and 50 stotinki in cupro-nickel. The 1 leva coins are bimetallic.
[edit] Banknotes
[edit] First lev
In 1885, the Bulgarian National Bank introduced notes for 20 and 50 gold leva, followed in 1887 by 100 gold leva and, in 1890, by 5 and 10 gold leva notes. In 1899, 5, 10 and 50 silver leva notes were issued, followed by 100 and 500 silver leva in 1906 and 1907, respectively. 500 gold leva notes were also introduced in 1907.
In 1916, 1 and 2 silver leva and 1000 gold leva notes were introduced, followed by 2500 and 10,000 gold leva notes in 1919. In 1924, 5000 leva notes were issued, the first to lack a metal designation. In 1928, a new series of notes (dated 1922 and 1925) was introduced which gave the denominations solely in leva. Denominations introduced were 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 5000 leva. These were followed in 1929 by 200 and 250 leva.
In 1930, coins up to 100 leva replaced notes, although 20 leva notes were issued between 1943 and 1950. Between 1943 and 1945, State Treasury Bills for 1000 and 5000 leva were issued.
[edit] Second lev
In 1952, state notes (dated 1951) were issued in 1, 3 and 5 leva, together with notes of the National Bank for 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 leva. 500 leva notes were printed but not issued.
[edit] Third lev
In 1962, the National Bank issued notes for 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 leva. A second series, in the same denominations, was issued in 1974. 50 leva notes were introduced in 1990. After the fall of the communist regime, new notes were introduced for 20, 50, 100 and 200 leva. These were followed by 500 leva notes in 1993, 1000 and 2000 leva in 1994, 500 and 10,000 leva in 1996, and 50,000 leva in 1997.
[edit] Fourth lev
In 1999, banknotes were introduced in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 leva. 100 leva notes were added in 2003.
| 1999 series [1] | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Value | Dimensions | Main Colour | Description | Date of printing | Remark | |||||
| Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Watermark | |||||||
| 1 lev | 112 × 60 mm | Red | Ivan Rilski | Rila Monastery | Rampant lion | 1999 | Rarely seen in circulation, replaced by coin | ||||
| 2 leva | 116 × 64 mm | Violet | Paisiy Hilendarski | Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya | 1999, 2005 | ||||||
| 5 leva | 121 × 67 mm | Red | Ivan Milev | Paintings by Ivan Milev | 1999 | ||||||
| 10 leva | 126 × 70 mm | Green | Petar Beron | Astronomical instruments | This design was also used for the 10,000 BGL (third leva) banknote | ||||||
| 20 leva | 131 × 73 mm | Blue | Stefan Stambolov | Orlov most, Lavov most | The most common banknote produced by ATMs | ||||||
| 50 leva | 136 × 76 mm | Brown | Pencho Slaveykov | Poems by Pencho Slaveykov | 1999, 2006 | ||||||
| 100 leva | 141 × 79 mm | Green | Aleko Konstantinov | Aleko Konstantinov | 2003 | ||||||
| These images are to scale at 0.7 pixels per millimetre, a standard for world banknotes. For table standards, see the banknote specification table. | |||||||||||
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[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Krause, Chester L. and Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801-1991, 18th ed., Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-150-1.
- Pick, Albert (1994). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues, Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors), 7th ed., Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9.
[edit] External links
- Don's World Coin Gallery - Bulgaria
- Ron Wise's World Paper Money - Bulgaria Mirror site
- The Global History of Currencies - Bulgaria
- Global Financial Data data series - Bulgaria New Lev
- Global Financial Data currency histories table (Image:Crystal 128 kspread.png Microsoft Excel format)
- Currency in Bulgaria, from Bulgarian-Guide.com
- Bulgarian Banknotes
Currencies of Europe | |
|---|---|
| Eurozone | Euro |
| Northern | Danish krone · Faroese króna · Icelandic króna · Norwegian krone · Swedish krona |
| Baltic | Estonian kroon · Latvian lats · Lithuanian litas |
| British Isles | British pound · Guernsey pound · Jersey pound · Manx pound |
| Central | Czech koruna · Hungarian forint · Polish złoty · Slovak koruna · Swiss franc |
| Eastern | Belarusian ruble · Kazakhstani tenge · Russian ruble (Russia and Abkhazia and South Ossetia (unrecognised)) · Transnistrian ruble (unrecognised) · Ukrainian hryvnia |
| Southeastern | Albanian lek · Bosnia-Herzegovina konvertibilna marka · Bulgarian lev · Croatian kuna · Macedonian denar · Moldovan leu · Romanian leu · Serbian dinar |
| Mediterranean | Gibraltar pound · Turkish new lira (Turkey and Northern Cyprus (unrecognised)) |
| Transcaucasia | Armenian dram (Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognised)) · Azerbaijani manat · Georgian lari |
bg:Лев ca:Lev cs:Bulharský lev da:Lev (valuta) de:Lew el:Λεβ es:Lev eo:Bulgara levo fr:Lev bulgare hr:Bugarski lev bpy:বুলগেরিয়ান লেভ it:Lev bulgaro lt:Bulgarijos levas lmo:Lev Bulgarià hu:Bolgár leva nl:Lev ja:レフ no:Bulgarsk lev pl:Lew (jednostka monetarna) pt:Lev ro:Levă bulgară ru:Лев (валюта) sr:Бугарски лев sh:Bugarski lev fi:Bulgarian leva sv:Lev (valuta) tg:Леви Булғаристои tr:Lev
