Bukidnon
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| Province of Bukidnon | |
| Image:Ph seal bukidnon.png Provincial seal of Bukidnon | |
| Image:Ph locator map bukidnon.png Map of the Philippines with Bukidnon highlighted | |
| Region | Northern Mindanao (Region X) |
| Capital | Malaybalay City |
| Divisions | |
| - Highly urbanized cities | 0 |
| - Component cities | 2 |
| - Municipalities | 20 |
| - Barangays | 464 |
| - Congressional districts | 3 |
| Population | 24th largest |
| - Total (2000) | 1,060,265 |
| - Density | 128/km² (22nd lowest) |
| Area | 6th largest |
| - Total | 8,293.8 km² |
| Founded | March 10, 1917 |
| Spoken languages | Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Binukid |
| Governor | Jose Maria R. Zubiri (Lakas-CMD/Team Unity) |
Bukidnon is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Northern Mindanao region. Its capital is Malaybalay City. The province borders, clockwise starting from the north, Misamis Oriental, Agusan del Sur, Davao del Norte, Cotabato, Lanao del Sur, and Lanao del Norte.
Bukidnon is considered by Filipinos to be the food basket of Mindanao. It is the major producer of rice and corn in the region. Plantations in the province also produce pineapples, bananas and sugarcane.
There are no seaports in the province, although there is an airport in Malaybalay City. The airport is currently closed. To get to Bukidnon, one must travel by land from Cagayan de Oro City in Misamis Oriental Province.
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[edit] People and Culture
According to oral history of the indigenous people of Bukidnon, there were four main tribes in Central Mindanao: the Maranao who dwell in Lanao del Sur, and the Maguindanao, Manobo and Talaandig who respectively inhabit the eastern, southern, and north-central portions of the original province of Cotabato. When the civil government divided central Mindanao into provinces at the turn of the 20th century, the groups included in the province of Bukidnon are the Talaandig and the Manobo. The Bisayans, Cebuano, Boholanos and Ilonggos migrated into the province followed by various groups from Luzon, namely, the Ilocanos, Batangueños, the Igorots and the Ivatans. All contributed massive acculturation among the indigenous tribes. Most of those who moved to the mountains and forest continued to hold on their ancestors’ cultural heritage. The wide variety of Filipino groups now thrives in the province and contributed immensely in the socio-economic development.
[edit] History
Bukidnon became a part of Misamis in the latter part of 1850. The whole area was then called Malaybalay (few houses) and the people were known as Bukidnons (mountain people). The Philippine Commission then headed by Commissioner Dean C. Worcester, Secretary of Interior and a member of the Philippine Commission proposed the separation of Bukidnon from Misamis Province. On August 20, 1907, the Philippine Commission Act No. 1693 was enacted the Province of Agusan and sub- province of Bukidnon. Bukidnon became a regular province on March 10, 1917 by virtue of the creation of the Department of Mindanao and Sulu under Act 2711.
[edit] The Sumilao Farmers' March
On December 3, 2007, 55 farmers of the Higaonon tribe from Sumilao, Bukidnon arrived in Metro Manila, 2 months after their march through 13 provinces from Mindanao to ask the government to stop the conversion of the land they are claiming into a hog farm. They farmers petitioned the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) to issue a cease-and-desist order (CDO) on the contested 144-hectare property in Barangay (village) San Vicente, Sumilao which San Miguel Foods Inc. (SMFI) converted into a hog farm. The Supreme Court of the Philippines had earlier dismissed the farmers' rights lack of legal standing. Farmer Tuminhay stated that: “Our titles were cancelled because Norberto Quisumbing was allowed to convert his land on condition that he would implement a five-year development plan. Since he did not implement the plan, it is only proper that DAR renew the CARP process and give us back our titles.” Quisumbing's development plan for the property included the establishment of a development academy, a cultural center, an institute for livelihood science, a museum, library, golf course, a sports development complex, an agro-industrial park, forest development and support facilities, and construction of a 360-room hotel, restaurant, housing projects, inter alia.[1] On December 17, 2007, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo revoked the conversion order on the disputed 144-hectare lot in Sumilao, Bukidnon, resulting to the return of the land ownership to the 55 members of the Higaonon tribe farmers who marched 1,700 kilometers for 2 months from Mindanao to Metro Manila. The order, signed by Executive Secretary Eduardo Ermita, reads: “Wherefore premises considered and as recommended by DAR, the petition for cancellation and/or revocation of the conversion order covering 144 hectares of land…is hereby granted.” San Miguel Foods as landowner must be paid the current value of the property before the land can be distributed to the farmers.[2]
[edit] Cultural history
The traditional culture of Bukidnon is a pride to all. The cultures and traditions are embodied in oral folk literature of the province which are classified into; “Antoka” (riddles), “Basahan” (proverbs or wise sayings), “Kalingoan” (ceremonial songs), “Limbay” (lyric poem), “Sala” (love song) and “Nanangon” (folktales). Religion is monotheistic. They believe in one God. “Magbabaya” (the ruler of all) has minor gods and goddesses under his command (Example: “Bulalakaw” watches rivers and lakes, “Tumpas Nanapiyaw” or “Itumbangol” watches the basses of the earth night and day lost in crumbles).
The Bukidnons have different degrees of acculturation. The first-degree Bukidnons are those leading the most traditional life style. This includes those who lived remote from any center of lowland habitation, deep in the forest and along the watershed of the main rivers. The second-degree Bukidnons lived near the fringes and directly within the bounds of the lowlanders. The third-degree Bukidnons are highly assimilated and are generally able to send their children off to school. The fourth degree Bukidnons have fully assimilated the ways of urban living and hardly acknowledge the old ways of their background. The fifth degree Bukidnons are largely recent immigrants from their other parts of the Philippine archipelago and have made Bukidnon as their permanent home.
[edit] Economy
Bukidnon is an agricultural economy. it is a major producer of rice, maize, sugar, coffee, rubber, pineapple, tomato, flowers, cassava, and other fruits and vegetables. It is also a major producer of chickens, hogs and cattle. Almost all large firms operating in the province are into production or processing of these agricultural products. Del Monte Philippines, Inc. (DMPI), Lapanday Diversified Products Corp. and Mt. Kitanglad Agri-Development Corp. are engaged in pineapple production. Dole Philippines (Skyland) and Mt. Kitanglad Agri-Ventures, Inc. are into banana production. DMPI is also engaged in cattle fattening. Bukidnon Sugar Milling Corporation (BUSCO) and Crystal Sugar Milling are into sugar milling and refining. Phil-Agro Industrial Corporation is in starch production. Menzi Agricultural Development is in cacao production. Agaropyta Phils. Inc., Bukidnon Greens Inc., FP Obrero Farms and ARDEM, Inc. is in cutflower production. Food manufacturing giants, San Miguel Foods Corp. (SMFI_PFC), Monterey Farms Corp., Swift Foods, Inc. have intensified their contract breeding and growing operations in the province. Valencia Rubbertex, Inc., an 80-20 Japanese-Filipino joint venture produces rubber boots and rubber shoes for Japan. As one of the major anchors in crop production, Bukidnon is moving forward towards establishing its position as a principal trader of rice, corn, sugar, potato, tomato and many other commercial and industrial crops. As the second largest producer of corn in the country, it reached a total production of 481,370 Mt. In year 2000. vast tracks of cornfields, rice paddles and sugar plantations are distributed all over the province. Bukidnon has already assumed its role as producer and supplier of fresh fruits and vegetables. These produce are either sold in domestic markets or exported to Japan and other neighboring countries. Fresh pineapples, banana, sugarcane and cutflower grown over the years are among its exports. New agri-business industries are still growing. Even export of rubber boots and shoes, an infant industry in the province is increasing tremendously. Wide variety of resource-based handicrafts are extensively produced from rattan, bamboo and wood. San Fernando is known for its rattan furniture. Bamboo baskets, woodwares and carvings, mats and other handmade products are ideal souvenir items.
[edit] Geography
[edit] Political
Bukidnon is subdivided into 20 municipalities and 2 cities.
| City/Municipality | Date of Creation | Area (km²) | Population (2000) | Pop. Density (per km²) | Income Classification (DOF) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baungon | July 1, 1956 | 4th Class Municipality | ||||
| Cabanglasan | August 13, 1979 | 4th Class Municipality | ||||
| Damulog | August 16, 1971 | 4th Class Municipality | ||||
| Dangcagan | August 29, 1961 | 5th Class Municipality | ||||
| Don Carlos | June 18, 1966 | 2nd Class Municipality | ||||
| Image:Ph seal bukidnon Impasugong.PNG | Impasug-ong | Sept. 1, 1914 | 2nd Class Municipality | |||
| Kadingilan | August 16, 1971 | 4th Class Municipality | ||||
| Kalilangan | June 18, 1966 | 4th Class Municipality | ||||
| Image:Ph seal bukidnon kibawe.PNG | Kibawe | July 1, 1956 | 4th Class Municipality | |||
| Kitaotao | June 18, 1966 | 2nd Municipality | ||||
| Lantapan | June 18, 1966 | 3rd Class Municipality | ||||
| Libona | July 1, 1956 | 3rd Class Municipality | ||||
| Malitbog | June 25,1963 | 4th Class Municipality | ||||
| Manolo Fortich | June 21, 1957 | 1st Class Municipality | ||||
| Image:Ph seal bukidnon maramag.PNG | Maramag | July 1, 1956 | 1st Class Municipality | |||
| Pangantucan | June 25, 1963 | 3rd Class Municipality | ||||
| Quezon | June 18, 1966 | 1st Class Municipality | ||||
| Image:Ph seal bukidnon san fernando.PNG | San Fernando | June 18, 1966 | 2nd Class Municipality | |||
| Sumilao | July 1, 1956 | 4th Class Municipality | ||||
| Talakag | 1917 | 2nd Class Municipality | ||||
| Image:Ph seal bukidnon malaybalay.PNG | Malaybalay City | March 23, 1998 | 3rd Class Component City | |||
| Valencia City | January 12, 2001 | 4th Class Component City | ||||
Source: Provincial Planning & Development Office, Province of Bukidnon, National Statistics Office, 2000 Census of Population, Department of Finance (DOF)
[edit] Physical
Bukidnon is a landlocked plateau in North Central Mindanao. It is bounded on the north by Misamis Oriental and Cagayan de Oro City; on the south by North Cotabato, Davao del Sur and Davao City; on the east by Agusan del Sur and Davao del Norte; and west by Lanao del Sur. It lies between parallels 7°25' and 8°38' North latitude and meridians 124°03' and 125°16' East longitude. Malaybalay City, the capital town, is about 850 kilometers by air from Manila and 91 kilometers by road from Cagayan de Oro City.
It has two important landmarks, Mt. Kitanglad and Pulangi River. Mt. Kitanglad is 2,955 meters above sea level. Pulangi River, on the other hand, traverses through the northeastern and southern part of the province towards the Rio Grande of Mindanao.
[edit] Land Area
The province's total land area is 829,378 hectares (8, 293.78 square kilometers. It accounts for 59 percent (59%) of Northern Mindanao. Thirty-eight percent (38%) is alienable and disposable. The rest is classified timberland.
It also accounts for 80 percent (80%) or 34 million metric tons of the region’s nonmetallic mineral deposits which include high grade white and red clay, gold, chromite, copper, serpentine, manganese, quartz and limestone deposits can also be found in the province.
[edit] Climate
The predominant climate type in the province is Type III.The province is outside the typhoon belt and is relatively cool throughout the year. The mean annual temperature is 24.04°C with maximum and minimum temperature of 29.0°oC and 18.5°C, respectively. The annual average rainfall is 2,581.84 mm.
[edit] Topography
The province is predominantly a rolling tableland of grass with an average elevation of 915 meters. Low plains alternating with rolling uplands, deep canyons and valleys characterize the terrain.
The province is blessed with beautiful and important mountain ranges. The most notable of this is the Mount Kitanglad ranges which has a slope gradient that peaks at 2,380 meters above sea level and occupies the central portion of Bukidnon. In the southern part of the province, Mount Kalatungan and Mount Tangkulan rise to heights of 2,287 meters and 1,678 meters above sea level, respectively. The whole eastern and southern border adjoining the provinces of Agusan, Davao, and Cotabato are covered by lofty and densely forested mountain ranges.
Although, the province has lofty mountains, the greater part is gently rolling grassland plateau cut by deep and wide canyons of the Cagayan, Pulangi, and Tagoloan Rivers and their tributaries. At Mailag, 23 kilometers south of Malaybalay City, the plateau begins to descend and gradually merges into the lowlands of Cotabato province.
[edit] Bodies of Water
Bukidnon is known as the watershed of Mindanao. It is endowed with six major river systems namely: Pulangi, Tagoloan, Cagayan, Manupali, Muleta, and Bobonawan Rivers. This rivers carved the landscape of the province creating numerous canyons.
The Pulangi River is a tributary of the Rio Grande of Mindanao. Its headwaters is found in the mountains of Kalabugao, Impasug-ong, Bukidnon. It is the largest as well as the longest river found in the province. It covers the following citties and municipalities of the province: Impasug-ong, Malaybalay City, Cabanglasan, San Fernando, Valencia City, Maramag, Quezon, Don Carlos, Kitaotao, Dangcagan, Kibawe and Damulog.
The Tagoloan River has its headwaters in the mountains of Can-ayan, Malaybalay City. It traverses the province northward passing through Malaybalay City, Impasug-ong, Sumilao, Manolo Fortich, Malitbog and finally exits into the sea at Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental.
The Cagayan River has its headwaters in the Kitanglad Mountain Range in central Bukidnon. The river flows northward through the municipalities of Talakag and Baungon. Its mouth lies at Cagayan de Oro City in Misamis Oriental. This river is the main source of potable water for the city.
The Manupali River, a major tributary of the Pulangi River, start in the mountains of Lantapan, Bukidnon, picking up tributaries along the way from the Kalatungan and Kitanglad Mountain Ranges. It forms part of the natural boundary of the Valencia City and Lantapan. It flows eastward towards Malaybalay City, eventually joining the Pulangi River in Valencia City.
The Muleta River is found in the southern portion of the province covering the municipalities of Pangantucan, Don Carlos, Kitaotao, Dangcagan, Kibawe, Kadingilan and Damulog. It is another important tributary of the Pulangi River and flows southward. It will join the Pulangi River in the boundary of Bukidnon and Cotabato province.
The Bobonawan River, found in the municipality of Cabanglasan, is another tributary of the Pulangi River. It covers most of the parts of the municipality, flowing southward towards Pulangi River.
Aside from the relatively important river systems, various lakes also dot the landscape of the province. Pinamaloy Lake, in Don Carlos, Bukidnon, is the biggest in the province covering about 50 hectares . It was named after Barangay Pinamaloy, the place where the lake is located. Another lake is found in Pigtauranan, Pangantucan called the Napalit Lake. The lake covers an area of 36 hectares and is one of the tourist spots in Pangantucan, Bukidnon. There are 24 floating islets in the lake. The third significant inland body of water in the province is Apo Lake at Guinoyoran, Valencia City. It occupies an approximate area of 25 hectares. A man-made lake called Maramag Basin is found in Maramag, Bukidnon, which was the result of the construction of the Pulangi IV Hydroelectric Dam of the National Power Corporation (NPC) in the course of the Pulangi River.
[edit] External links
[edit] References
Cities and Municipalities of Bukidnon |
|---|
| Municipalities: Baungon • Cabanglasan • Damulog • Dangcagan • Don Carlos • Impasug-ong • Kadingilan • Kalilangan • Kibawe • Kitaotao • Lantapan • Libona • Malitbog • Manolo Fortich • Maramag • Pangantucan • Quezon • San Fernando • Sumilao • Talakag |
| Component Cities: Malaybalay City • Valencia City |
Coordinates: ceb:Bukidnon de:Bukidnon ilo:Bukidnon id:Bukidnon it:Bukidnon pam:Bukidnon nl:Bukidnon ja:ブキドノン州 no:Bukidnon sv:Bukidnon tl:Bukidnon war:Bukidnon zh:布基農省
