Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)

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Beauty and the Beast
Image:Beautybeastposter.jpg
Directed by Gary Trousdale
Kirk Wise
Produced by Don Hahn
Written by Linda Woolverton
Narrated by David Ogden Stiers
Starring Paige O'Hara
Robby Benson
Richard White
Jerry Orbach
David Ogden Stiers
Angela Lansbury
Music by Alan Menken
Howard Ashman
Distributed by Walt Disney Pictures (USA)
Warner Bros. (Spain, Finland)
Release date(s) United States:
November 22nd, 1991
Running time Original:
84 minutes
Special Edition:
90 minutes
Country United States
Language English
Budget $20,000,000
Gross revenue $403,476,931
Followed by Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas (1997)
All Movie Guide profile
IMDb profile

Beauty and the Beast is an American animated film, the 30th animated feature produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation. The film was originally premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on November 13th, 1991 by Walt Disney Pictures. This film, one of the best known of the Disney studio's films, is an adaptation of the well-known fairy tale Beauty and the Beast, about a beautiful woman kept in a castle by a horrific monster. It is the first and only full-length animated feature film to ever be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture. Heightening the level of performance in the era known as the Disney Renaissance (1989-1999, beginning with The Little Mermaid and ending with Tarzan), all animated films following its release have been influenced by its new use of 3D technology.

Beauty and the Beast ranked #22 on the American Film Institute's list of best musicals and #34 on its list of the best romantic American movies. On the list of the greatest songs from American movies, Beauty and the Beast ranked #62. In 2002, Beauty and the Beast was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." On October 8th, of the same year, Walt Disney Home Entertainment released the film as a 2-Disc Platinum Edition DVD.

Contents

[edit] Overview

The movie was adapted to an animation screenplay by Linda Woolverton, based upon the version of Beauty and the Beast by Jeanne-Marie Le Prince de Beaumont (uncredited in the English version of the film, but credited in the French version as writer of the novel). It was directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise, and the music was composed by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman, both of whom had written music and songs for Disney's The Little Mermaid. In interviews, Disney executives said they had felt that in recent years, but especially 1990 and 1991, American pop culture had been pockmarked by shallowness, the treatment of women as objects and items to be compared and ranked against each other, and that young men were being sent the message that the prettier a girl they marry or date, the more successful a man they are. (See trophy wife). Disney said that the moral associated with the film was that "in our looks-oriented society, looks are not everything."[citation needed]

It was a significant success at the box-office, with more than $171 million in domestic revenues alone and over $377 million in worldwide revenues.[1] [2] This high number of sales made it the third-most successful movie of 1991, surpassed only by summer blockbusters Terminator 2: Judgment Day and Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves. It was also the most successful animated Disney film at the time and the first animated movie to reach $100 million at the box-office.[3]

Beauty and the Beast won two Academy Awards for Best Music, Original Score and Best Music, Song for Alan Menken and Howard Ashman's "Beauty and the Beast", sung in the film's most famous scene by Angela Lansbury, and at the end of the film by Céline Dion and Peabo Bryson. Two other Menken and Ashman songs from the movie also nominated for Best Music, Song were "Belle" and "Be Our Guest", making it the first picture ever to receive three Academy Award nominations for Best Song, a feat that would be repeated by The Lion King and Dreamgirls. Beauty and the Beast was also nominated for Best Sound and Best Picture. It is the only animated movie ever to be nominated for Best Picture.

On Tuesday, April 18th, 1994, a stage adaptation, also titled "Beauty and the Beast", premiered on Broadway at the Palace Theater in New York City. The commercial (though not critical) success of the production led to productions in the West End, Toronto, and all over the world. The Broadway version, which ran for over a decade, received a Tony Award, and become the first of a whole line of Disney stage productions. There are also Disney versions of the story published and sold as storybooks and a comic book based on the film published by Disney Comics.

In 1995, a live-action children's series called "Sing Me A Story With Belle" started on syndication, running until 1999.

On November 11th, 1997, a midquel called Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas was released directly to videocassette. It was quickly followed by another midquel titled Belle's Magical World that was released on February 17th, 1998.

[edit] Plot

In the prologue, an old beggar woman arrives at the castle of a young, selfish French prince. The old beggar woman asks for shelter from the bitter cold, and in return, offers the young prince a rose. Repulsed by her appearance, the prince turns the old beggar woman away. It is then that the old beggar woman reveals that she is a beautiful enchantress and places a powerful curse, transforming the heartless prince into a hideous beast (as a reflection of his cruelty and hatred), his servants into anthropomorphic household items, and the castle into a dark, forbidding place, so that he will learn not to judge by appearances. The curse can only be broken if the Beast learns to love another and receives the other's love in return before the last petal of the enchantress's rose withers and falls; if not, he would be doomed to remain a beast for all time. As the years passed, the Beast stayed hidden in the gloomy castle, convincing himself that no person could love such a hideous beast.

Ten years later, a beautiful young woman named Belle has moved to a French Provençal village, where she is seen as eccentric due to her preference for reading books and dislike of being courted by the "rude and conceited" local hero, Gaston. At one point Gaston arrogantly offers his hand in marriage to Belle, which she politely but firmly rejects.

Maurice, who is Belle's father, is an eccentric inventor. While traveling alone to a fair, Maurice becomes lost and loses his horse in the dark, stormy night while being pursued by wolves; cold and tired, he stumbles upon the dark castle and cautiously enters it. When the Beast discovers Maurice resting in the castle, he locks him in a dungeon. Belle, who worries when her father's horse returns home without him, seeks out her father, finds him at the Beast's castle and offers to take his place as the Beast's prisoner. Realizing that Belle could break the spell, the Beast agrees. He gives her permission to go anywhere in the castle except the West Wing, where he keeps the enchanted rose. The Beast then says if Belle needs anything, his servants will attend. The enchanted household items, including Lumière the candelabra and Cogsworth the clock and head of the household, welcome Belle warmly and entertain her with a fancy French dinner.

Image:131222 beauty l.jpg
The famous ballroom dance sequence from the second act of Beauty and the Beast.

Back in the village, the citizens cheer up Gaston after Belle has rejected him and his absurd marriage proposal. Maurice then bursts in and asks for help to rescue Belle from "the beast." No one believes him, believing that he is insane, and Gaston decides to force Belle to marry him by threatening to throw her father into an asylum. Maurice goes off to search for Belle, unaware of Gaston's plan.

Belle sneaks into the forbidden West Wing through her curiosity, discovering slashed furniture, broken mirrors, a ripped-up portrait with strangely familiar blue eyes, and the enchanted rose. The Beast angrily catches her and she flees the castle, only to encounter a pack of vicious wolves. At the last minute, the Beast fights off the wolves; a grateful Belle returns to the castle and, while tending to the Beasts' wounds, thanks him for saving her life. Over some time, the two start to become friends. The household items are excited and optimistic that Belle may fall in love with the Beast and cause them to become human again. The relationship reaches its climax with an elegant dinner and ballroom dance.

Belle asks if she can see her father, and the magic mirror reveals that Maurice is lost and sick in the forest. The Beast, having fallen in love with Belle and feeling some pity to Maurice, releases her to go rescue her father. Although he knew that it may ruin his chances to become human again, his love for Belle overcame his selfishness. As Belle flees on her horse the Beast utters a roar of sorrow.

Belle finds Maurice and takes him back to the village, where a mob gathers to take him to the asylum. Gaston offers to spare Maurice if Belle agrees to marry him, but she still refuses. Some in the mob including Gaston himself accuse Maurice of ranting and raving about a "Beast" as they prepare to take him away. To prove that her father's claim of the Beast's existence is true, Belle uses the magic mirror to show the villagers an image of the Beast. The villagers become frightened as they realize that the Beast is for real. Gaston feels spurned and betrayed by Belle, accusing her of loving "this monster," to which she replies, "He's no monster... You are!" Gaston angrily rallies the villagers to storm the castle and "kill the beast," telling them that he is dangerous. To prevent Belle and Maurice from warning the Beast, Gaston locks them in a cellar. The enchanted objects at the Beast's castle are alarmed to see the mob led by Gaston marching towards it with a battering ram, and quickly prepare the castle's defense.

Eventually, with the help of Chip the teacup, Belle and Maurice escape from the cellar and rush back to the castle. Apparently, a fierce battle has already broken out; after the villagers force open the castle door, the enchanted objects have attacked and chased away all the villagers except Gaston, who goes up to the main bedroom and attacks the Beast. Believing Belle has left him forever, the Beast does not defend himself and Gaston attacks him endlessly. Belle reappears and inspires the Beast to fight back. He wins the fight, and decides to drop Gaston in a deep chasm. Gaston pleads for his life and the Beast, who no longer wishes to harm others, agrees to spare him. At that point, the Beast angrily tells Gaston to leave immediately and shoves him off. Belle comes to the balcony, calling for the Beast, and he climbs there to reach for her. At that point, Gaston stabs the Beast viciously in the back, only to lose his footing and fall off the high roof to his death in the deep chasm.

Belle tries to reassure the badly wounded Beast that everything will go fine, but he believes he is about to die. Eventually, the Beast dies and Belle, who is now heartbroken, whispers in tears that she loves him, just before the last petal falls from the rose. He is immediately transformed and returns to his human form--handsome yet unrecognizable except for his piercing eyes. When Belle and the prince kiss, the curse is broken and the castle becomes beautiful again and the enchanted objects turn back into humans.

The last scene shows Belle and the Beast happily dancing in the ballroom, in front of many guests, which includes Maurice and the now-human assistants of the castle. Everybody is well, everybody is happy. Belle and the Beast live happily ever after.

[edit] Voice cast

Actor Role(s)
Paige O'Hara Belle
Robby Benson Beast
Richard White Gaston
Jerry Orbach Lumiere
Angela Lansbury Mrs. Potts
David Ogden Stiers Cogsworth
The Narrator
Bradley Pierce Chip
Jesse Corti Le Fou
Rex Everhart Maurice
Hal Smith Philippe
Jo Anne Worley Armoire The Wardrobe
Frank Welker Phillippe the Horse
Sultan the Footstool
Kimmy Robertson Fifi The Featherduster
Mary Kay Bergman/Kath Soucie Bimbette
Tony Jay Monsieur D'Arque

[edit] Non English versions

In the Chinese dubs of Beauty and the Beast, the voice of the Beast is provided by Jackie Chan. He provided both the speaking and singing voices in these versions. In September 2007, CCTV6 (a Chinese movie channel) aired a version of Beauty and the Beast in which the singing voice is provided by Nicholas Tse Ting-Fung, proximately to make Beast sound younger. In the French version, the Beast's singing voice is provided by Charles Aznavour. Two Spanish versions exist, one in Mexican Spanish for the Latin American market, the other in European (Castilian) Spanish for the European market; in the Mexican version, the voice of Lefou is provided by the same actor who played the role in English, Venezuelan-American voice actor Jesse Corti.[4]

[edit] Crew

Crew Position
Directed by Gary Trousdale
Kirk Wise
Produced by Don Hahn
Executive Producer Howard Ashman
Screenplay by Linda Woolverton
Songs by Howard Ashman
Alan Menken
Original Score by Alan Menken
Associate Producer Sarah McArthur
Art Director Brian McEntee
Film Editor John Carnochan
Artistic Supervisors Roger Allers (Story supervisor)
Ed Ghertner (Layout supervisor)
Lisa Keene (Background supervisor)
Vera Lanpher (Clean-up supervisor)
Randy Fullmer (Effects supervisor)
Jim Hillin (Computer Graphics supervisor)
Supervising Animators James Baxter (Belle)
Glen Keane (Beast)
Andreas Deja (Gaston)
Ruben A. Aquino (Maurice)
Will Finn (Cogsworth)
Nik Ranieri (Lumiere)
David Pruiksma (Mrs Potts/Chip)
Chris Wahl (Lefou)
Production Manager Baker Bloodworth

[edit] Awards

[edit] Academy Awards

Award Recipient
Best Music, Original Score Alan Menken
Best Music, Original Song ("Beauty and the Beast") Alan Menken & Howard Ashman
Nominated:
Best Picture Don Hahn
Best Music, Original Song ("Belle") Alan Menken & Howard Ashman
Best Music, Original Song ("Be Our Guest") Alan Menken & Howard Ashman
Best Sound Terry Porter, Mel Metcalfe, David J. Hudson & Doc Kane

[edit] Golden Globes

Award Outcome
Best Motion Picture Won
Best Original Score Won
Best Original Song (For "Beauty and the Beast") Won
Best Original Song (For "Be Our Guest") Nominated
  • Beauty and the Beast was the 1st animated feature to win a Golden Globe for Best Picture - Musical or Comedy. This feat was repeated only by The Lion King and Toy Story 2.

[edit] Grammy Awards

Award Outcome
Best Album for Children Won
Best Pop Performance by a Group or Duo With Vocal (For Beauty and the Beast) Won
Song of the Year (For Beauty and the Beast) Nominated
Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture Won
Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television (For Beauty and the Beast) Won
Best Song (For Beauty and the Beast) Nominated

[edit] Other Awards

Award Outcome
ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards: Most Performed Songs in a Motion Picture Won
Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror Films: Best DVD Classic Film Release Won
Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror Films: Best Music Won
Annie Awards: Best Animated Feature Won
BAFTA Awards: Best Original Film Score Nominated
BAFTA Awards: Best Special Effects Nominated
BMI Film and TV Awards: BMI Film Music Award Won
DVD Exclusive Awards: Best Overall New Extra Features, Library Release Won
DVD Exclusive Awards: Best Menu Design Nominated
Hugo Awards: Best Dramatic Presentation Nominated
Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards: Best Animated Feature Won
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards: Best Animation Won
Motion Picture Sound Editors: Best Sound Editing, Animated Feature Won
National Board of Review: Special Award for Animation Won
Satellite Awards: Best Youth DVD Nominated
Young Artist Awards: Outstanding Family Entertainment of the Year Won

[edit] Songs

  • "Belle:" The opening song of the movie, Belle makes her way to the local bookshop and the whole village erupts into song, describing Belle's eccentricities.
  • "Belle (Reprise):" Sung by Belle after Gaston proposes to her, Belle repeats her plea of "wanting much more than this provincial life."
  • "Gaston:" LeFou (Gaston's sidekick) and the local drunkards sing Gaston's praises in a village tavern.
  • "Gaston (Reprise):" After Maurice flees the Beast's castle, he enters the tavern pleading for help, only to be mocked by the townsfolk. It is here that Gaston thinks of the idea to blackmail Belle by sending her father to an asylum if she doesn't marry him.
  • "Be Our Guest:" A dinner cabaret of the castle's servants as crockery, flatware etc. entertaining Belle.
  • "Something There:" Sung by Belle and the Beast when they realize they have feelings for each other.
  • "Human Again:" Sung by the castle's servants as they clean up the castle in preparation for the romantic dance they plan. Only in the Special Edition, and is also included on the Special Edition soundtrack.
  • "Beauty and the Beast:" Sung by Mrs. Potts whilst Belle and the Beast dance in the castle ballroom.
  • "The Mob Song:" Sung by the villagers on their way to the castle to kill the beast.
  • "Beauty and the Beast (Reprise):" Sung by a choir as the movie ends.

All songs were the last complete works for a movie by Academy Award winner Howard Ashman. Ashman died eight months prior to the release of the film. There is a tribute to him at the end of the film:

"To our friend, Howard, who gave a mermaid her voice, and a beast his soul. We will be forever grateful. Howard Ashman 1950-1991"

On Classic Disney: 60 Years of Musical Magic, this includes Beauty and the Beast on the red disc, Be Our Guest, Something There, and Gaston on the blue disc, The Mob Song on the green disc, and Belle on the orange disc. And on Disney's Greatest Hits, this also includes Beauty and the Beast on the blue disc, Be Our Guest on the green disc, and Gaston on the red disc.

[edit] Symbols and meanings

The movie consisted of a lot of symbolism to describe the characters. For names, noted by a character in the "Belle" sequence, Belle is French for beautiful. Lumière is French for "light". For the later Broadway production, the feather duster was named "Babette" and the wardrobe was named "Madame de la Grande Bouche" (translation: "Mrs. Bigmouth"). For physical symbolism, the majority of the statues seen in the castle are early versions of the Beast.

The color blue is also a significant symbol throughout Beauty and the Beast. During the musical number "Belle", Belle is the only character in the village who wears blue. Later on she meets the Beast, who also dresses in blue. The idea is that both characters are social outcasts, so they can relate with one another and see the world in similar views.

In the theatrical release, as Gaston plunged to his death and his face filled the screen, two frames showed skulls in his eyes. For the VHS and laserdisc release, these frames were altered to remove the skulls from his eyes. However, no such alteration was made for the DVD release.[citation needed]

Dan Rather and others have commented on how the film can be read as an AIDS metaphor. Lyricist Howard Ashman was dying of AIDS at the time (the film is dedicated to him) and the red rose petals reflect his life ebbing away. There also is the unidentified disfiguring affliction of the Beast who is hidden away in a hospice-like castle; the creation of Gaston as a satire of hyper-masculine gay bathhouse culture; and the "Kill the Beast" satire on early 1990s anti-AIDS vigilantism.[5]

[edit] Work-In-Progress

The film was shown at the New York Film Festival in September 1991. Because the animation was only about 70% complete, the film was shown as a "Work-In-Progress." Storyboards and pencil tests were used in place of the remaining 30%. In addition, parts of the film that were finished were "stepped-back" to previous versions of completion. By constantly changing the look of the film shot-by-shot, the "Work-In-Progress" demonstrated the power of the story regardless of the associated visuals; initial pencil sketches proved just as engaging as the far more visually appealing final product. This version of the film proved so popular that it has been released on VHS, the September 1993 LaserDisc, and the October 8th, 2002, Platinum Edition DVD.

[edit] Appearances

[edit] Cultural references and trivia

  • In "The Mob Song", Gaston quotes Macbeth by William Shakespeare. "Screw your courage to the sticking place." (I, vii) Lady Macbeth's speech to Macbeth to tell him to kill Duncan.
  • The song "Mountain Town" from South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut (1999), is meant to be a parody of the opening song, "Belle".
  • An entire season 4 episode of Warner Brothers animated series, Animaniacs, named "The Cutie and the Beast", is a straight-out parody of Walt Disney's movie and even includes parodies of some of the more popular songs of the feature.
  • The animated series The Critic parodies this film's title theme with its own version, "Beauty and King Dork".
  • Belle was inspired by other great movie musical heroines. Her peasant dress was loosely based on Judy Garland's (Dorothy) attire from The Wizard of Oz. The scene where Belle runs to the hills singing is a homage to Julie Andrews and the opening scene of 1965's The Sound of Music. Also, towards the end of the film Belle holds the dying Beast in her arms. This is similar to the way Maria holds the slain Tony in West Side Story.
  • In the final scene of the Dreamworks film Shrek, Princess Fiona's "transformation" is similar to the Beast reverting to his human form. Also, in Shrek 2, two of the factory workers are transformed into a clock and a candlestick, a reference to Cogsworth and Lumière.
  • When Belle goes up to the West Wing, the background music is a variation of Aquarium from Camille Saint-Saëns's Le Carnaval des Animaux.
  • In the Simpsons episode Two Dozen and One Greyhounds, Mr. Burns sings a parody of Be Our Guest called See My Vest.
  • The final confrontation between Gaston and the Beast is not unlike that of Rotwang and Freder from the Fritz Lang film Metropolis.
  • The final animation of Belle and the Prince (Human Beast) dancing in the restored ballroom is recycled from Sleeping Beauty and re colored. This was stated in the commentary of the Special Edition DVD.
  • At one point during the song "Human Again", Cogsworth and Mrs. Potts are singing on a fence. Cogsworth is wearing a straw hat, drawing an association with farmers, and is holding a pitchfork with his right hand. Mrs. Potts is to his left. This is very reminiscent of the painting by Grant Wood, "American Gothic."
  • Cogsworth references the Baroque architecture period when he utters the now classic line "If it's not Baroque, don't fix it."
  • Angela Lansbury was reluctant to sing the version of "Beauty and the Beast" which was to be used in the ballroom scene. She agreed to record the song to show to executives and it is this version which appears in the final animated scene.[citation needed]

[edit] References to other Disney works

  • In the opening sequence first showing the castle, there is a deer feeding in the forest. The drawings used for this deer were originally used in Bambi for Bambi's mother.
  • It is shown that Gaston was the hunter who killed Bambi's mother.
  • When Gaston places his feet on Belle's table, the mud coming off the boots strongly resembles Mickey Mouse's head, following the long standing Disney tradition of having "Hidden Mickeys" in their movies.
  • In The Hunchback of Notre Dame Disney adaption, Belle can be seen in the crowd during the Feast of Fools.

[edit] References in the Theme Parks

[edit] Disney on Ice

Disney on Ice began its touring production of ''Beauty and the Beast'' in Fall 1992. The production went on to tour nationally, as well as internationally, from 1992 to 1996, and again from 2000 to 2004. The ice production featured a pre-recorded soundtrack with all the film's songs and character voices.

[edit] Other releases

[edit] Worldwide release dates

[edit] Home Video

The film was released to VHS and Laserdisc on October 30th, 1992, as part of the Walt Disney Classics series. Some of the prints contained two different video trailers for Pinocchio (1940). It was released on March 27th, 1993, but it was for a limited-time only for it was dropped in print after it was put on moratorium a Walt Disney Platinum Edition released in 2002 after success in IMAX & other giant screen theaters it is going to have another Platinum Edition in 2010.

[edit] IMAX release

The film was restored and remastered for its January 1st, 2002 re-release in IMAX theatres. For this version of the film, much of the animation was touched up, a new sequence set to the deleted song "Human Again" was inserted into the film's second act, and a new digital master from the original CAPS production files was used to make the high resolution IMAX film negative.

[edit] IMAX release dates

[edit] Special edition DVD

Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition, as the enhanced version of the film is called, was released on a 2-Disc Platinum Edition Disney DVD on October 8th, 2002. It is expected to be re-released on DVD in October 2009. [1]

[edit] Video Games

[edit] See also

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:
Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)

[edit] References

  1. ^ Lee's Movie Info: Beauty and the Beast
  2. ^ Disney Archive: Beauty and the Beast Movie History
  3. ^ $100 Million Movies (The Washington Post 2005 list of movies that have grossed more than $100 million in the United States and release year).
  4. ^ La bella y la bestia Full Mexican and European Spanish dubbing cast (in Spanish; requires using the Search function).
  5. ^ Beauty & the Beast: AIDS Metaphors and Other Things, SexualFables.com. Retrieved December 24, 2007.

[edit] External links

Preceded by
Green Card
Golden Globe: Best Motion Picture, Musical or Comedy
1991
Succeeded by
The Player
ar:الجميلة و الوحش

da:Skønheden og udyret (1991 film) de:Die Schöne und das Biest (1991) es:La Bella y la Bestia (película de Disney) fr:La Belle et la Bête (Disney) it:La bella e la bestia (film 1991) he:היפה והחיה la:Pulchra puella et bestia (pellicula) ja:美女と野獣 (アニメ映画) hu:A Szépség és a szörnyeteg (film, 1991) pt:Beauty and the Beast (filme) ru:Красавица и чудовище (мультфильм) fi:Kaunotar ja hirviö (vuoden 1991 elokuva) sv:Skönheten och odjuret (film, 1991) zh:美女与野兽

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