Battle of Arbedo

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Battle of Arbedo

Date	June 30, 1422 ^[1]
Location	Arbedo, Ticino, Switzerland
Result	Decisive Lombard Milanese victory ^[2]

Combatants

Image:I Bis 717.PNG Duchy of Milan

Old Swiss Confederacy :
Image:Uri-coat of arms.svg Uri
Image:Obwald-coat of arms.svg Obwalden
Image:Lucerne-coat of arms.svg Luzern
Image:Zug-coat of arms.svg Zug

Commanders

Francesco Bussone ^[3]^[4]

Ulrich Welker
Roth von Uri +
Kälin von Zug +
Zelger von Obwalden + ^[5]

Strength

2.000 Cavalry
3.000 Infantry ^[6]

3.000 Infantry ^[7]

Casualties

1.000 Dead ^[8]

1.330 Dead
300 Captured
Including Ulrich ^[9]^[10]

In 1419, Uri and Obwalden bought the Bellinzona stronghold from the Sacco barons, but were unable to defend it adequately. When, in 1422, they rejected the Milanese proposal to buy back the fortified town, their troops stationed in Bellinzona were put to rout by the Visconti army under the command of Francesco Bussone, called «Il Carmagnola». An attempt to reconquer the fortified area with the support of other confederates led to the Battle of Arbedo on the 30th of June of the same year.

The battle was fought near Arbedo, a village 3 km north of Bellinzona. The Count of Carmagnola led the Lombard forces of the Duchy against the Swiss and was victorious.

The Swiss were mainly equipped with halberds and, had an initial success against the Lombard cavalry charge. Then Carmagnola brougth his crossbowmen forward, while dismounting his cavalry. The dismounted men-at-arms used lance which outreached the halberds. The Swiss were further under pressure by the crossbow fire on the flanks.

The Milanese force began to push back the Swiss, who were only saved from total disaster by the appearance of a band of foragers, who the Milanese were convinced represented a major new force. When the Milanese force pulled back to reform, the Swiss fled the battlefield, having taken heavy casualties.

The victory secured Bellinzona and the Leventina to the Duchy. In addition the Duchy gained the Val d'Ossola, thus the Swiss losing all the territorial gains they had made. The defeat, discouraged the Swiss expansionist intentions towards Lake Maggiore for a long time. It was the defeat at Arbedo, that made the Swiss increase the number of pikemen.