Australian Open
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| Australian Open | ||
|---|---|---|
| Image:Soccerball current event.svg 2008 Australian Open | ||
| Image:Australian Open.jpg | ||
| Grand Slam | ||
| Location | Melbourne Image:Flag of Australia.svg Australia | |
| Venue | Melbourne Park | |
| Surface | Hard / Outdoors | |
| Men's Draw | 128S / 128Q / 64D | |
| Women's Draw | 128S / 96Q / 64D | |
| Prize Money | AU$20,000,000 | |
| Official website | ||
| Grand Slam tournaments | ||
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The Australian Open is the first of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments to be held each year. It is held each January at Melbourne Park. The tournament was held for the first time in 1905. Like the other three Grand Slam events, it was contested by top-ranked amateur players and known as the Australian Championships until the advent of open era in 1968. Originally based at the grass courts at Kooyong in the city of Melbourne's inner south-east, the tournament was in danger of fading into irrelevance before being revived in 1988 with a shift to Melbourne Park (then called Flinders Park), a new (Rebound Ace) hardcourt venue next to the Melbourne Cricket Ground on the southern fringe of the central business district. Mats Wilander was the only player to win the tournament both on grass and on Rebound Ace.
Like all the Grand Slam tournaments, there are men's and women's singles competitions, men's, women's, and mixed doubles, as well as junior and master's competitions.
The Australian Open was held in December from 1977 through to 1985, returning to its original January date in 1987. In 1986, because of the return to January, no tournament was held.
The two main courts used in the tournament are Rod Laver Arena and Vodafone Arena and feature retractable roofs, which can be shut in case of rain or extreme heat. It is the only Grand Slam tournament that features indoor play. However, work has already commenced on a retractable roof for Wimbledon's Centre Court, which is expected to be completed by 2009.
Held in the middle of the Australian summer, the Australian Open is famous for its notoriously hot days. An extreme-heat policy is often put into play when temperatures (and humidity) reach dangerous levels.
In 2008, the Rebound Ace surface which has been in place for the past 20 years at Melbourne Park, will be replaced by a cushioned acrylic surface known as Plexicushion.[1] The main benefits of the new surface: better consistency and less retention of heat (due to a thinner top layer). This change will be accompanied by changes in the surfaces of all lead-up tournaments to the Australian Open. Work began on the removal of the old surface on 4 June 2007. The decision has been met with much controversy, primarily due to the new surface's similarity to DecoTurf, the surface already being utilised by the US Open.
Contents |
[edit] Awards
Names of the winners are inscribed on the perpetual trophy Cups.
- The Women's Singles winner is presented with the Daphne Akhurst Memorial Cup.
- The Men's Singles winner is presented with the Norman Brookes Challenge Cup.
[edit] History
The Australian Open is now managed by Tennis Australia, formerly the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia (LTAA), and was first played at the Warehouseman's Cricket Ground in St Kilda Road, Melbourne. 2007 was the 95th staging of the event (over a 101 year period due to interruption of the War years), with the tournament celebrating its Centenary in 2005.
The tournament was first played in 1905 as The Australasian Championships, became the Australian Championships in 1927 and the Australian Open in 1969. Since 1905, the Championships have been staged in five different cities as follows: Melbourne (50 times), Sydney (17 times), Adelaide (14 times), Brisbane (8 times), Perth (3 times), as well as in New Zealand, (2 times) in 1906 Christchurch and 1912 Hastings.
New Zealand and the states of Australia are the direct descendants of the British colonies in Australasia (Australia, New Zealand, and the neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean); this is why before the first Australasian Championships were held it was decided to stage the tournament alternatively in each state capital in Australia and in New Zealand too.
Then the LTAA decided that from the 1972 tournament (held from 26 December 1971 to 2 January 1972) to stage the tournament in the same city each year, the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club was selected due to Melbourne attracting the biggest patronage.
Melbourne Park (formerly Flinders Park) was constructed in time for the 1988 Open to meet the demands of the evolving tournament that had outgrown Kooyong's capacity. The move to Melbourne Park was an immediate success, with a 90 per cent increase in attendance in 1988 (266,436) on the previous year at Kooyong (140,000).
Because of its geographic remoteness very few foreign players entered this tournament at the beginning. (In the 1920s it took about 45 days to make the trip by ship from Europe to Australia.) The first tennis players who came by plane were the US Davis Cup players in November 1946 competing for the Challenge Round in the following month. Even inside the country many players couldn't travel easily; when the Championships were held in Perth, no Victorians or New South Welshers crossed by train, a distance of approximately 3,000 kilometres between the east and west coasts. And even a Melburnian often didn't play the Championships when held in Sydney. In 1906, in Christchurch, New Zealand, of a small field of 10 players, only two Australians attended.
The first tournaments of the Australasian Championships suffered from the competition of the other Australasian tournaments, and before 1905 all of the Australian states and New Zealand had their own championships, the first being organised in 1880 in Melbourne and called the Championship of the Colony of Victoria (later become the Championship of Victoria). This tournament stayed the most important in Australia, including the Australasian Championships, until at least World War I. In those years the best two players by far, from "Down Under" the Australian Norman Brookes (whose name is now written on the gentlemen's singles cup) and the New Zealander Anthony Wilding, almost didn't play this tournament. Brookes came once and won in 1911 and Wilding entered and won the competition twice (1906 and 1909). Their meetings in the Victorian Championships (or at Wimbledon) were the summits that helped to determine the best Australasian players. Even when the Australasian Championships were held in Hastings, New Zealand, in 1912, Wilding, though three times Wimbledon champion, didn't come back to his home country. It was a recurrent problem for all of the players of the era; Brookes went to Europe only three times, where he reached the Wimbledon Challenge Round once and then won Wimbledon twice. Thus many players had never played the Austral(as)ian amateur or open championships: the Renshaws, the Dohertys, William Larned, Maurice McLoughlin, Beals Wright, Bill Johnston, Bill Tilden, René Lacoste, Henri Cochet, Bobby Riggs, Jack Kramer, Ted Schroeder, Pancho Gonzales, Budge Patty, Manuel Santana, Jan Kodes and others, while Brookes, Ellsworth Vines, Donald Budge, Jaroslav Drobny, Manuel Orantes, Ilie Năstase at 35 years old, and Bjorn Borg just came once.
From 1969, when the first Australian Open was held, on the Milton Courts at Brisbane, the tournament was open to all players--including professionals, who weren't allowed to play the traditional circuit. Nevertheless, except for the 1969 and 1971 tournaments, many of the best players missed this championship until 1982 (that year the best player in the field was Johan Kriek, ranked only No. 12 at the ATP computer ranking), because of the remoteness, the wrong dates (Christmas and New Year's Day), and the low prize money — in 1970 the National Tennis League (NTL), which employed Rod Laver, Ken Rosewall, Andres Gimeno, Pancho Gonzales, Roy Emerson and Fred Stolle, prevented its players from entering the tournament because the guarantees were insufficient.
In 1983, Ivan Lendl and John McEnroe came Down Under and Mats Wilander, having to play the Davis Cup final in the same site as the Australian Open's (Kooyong stadium in Melbourne) a few days after the tournament, decided at the last moment to enter the Australian championship in order to be ready and fit for the Cup. (It succeeded beyond all hope because the Swede won the tournament and his two Davis Cup singles.) From that year the Australian Open began to deserve its 'Grand Slam' label. Nevertheless the International Tennis Federation prompted the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia to change the site of the tournament, because the Kooyong stadium was then inappropriate to serve such a big event, and in 1988 the tournament was first held at Flinders Park (later renamed Melbourne Park) on Rebound Ace a low carpet surface. Since 1995, the year when Andre Agassi entered the competition for the first time, no great players have missed this tournament unless injured or suspended. The Australian Open has therefore become one of the four biggest tennis competitions.
Before the Melbourne Park stadium era, tournament dates flucutated as well, in particuliar in the early years because of the climate of each site or exceptional events. For example, just after World War I, the 1919 tournament was held in January 1920 (the 1920 tournament was played in March); the 1923 tournament in Brisbane took place in August when the weather is not too hot and wet. After a first 1977 tournament was held in December 1976 – January 1977, the organisers chose to move the next tournament forward a few days, then a second 1977 tournament was played (ended on 31 December) but this failed to attract the best players. From 1982 to 1985 the tournament was played in mid-December, then it was decided to move the next tournament to mid-January (January 1987), thus there was no tournament in 1986. Since 1987 the Australian Open date has not changed.
[edit] Recent attendances
[edit] Records
[edit] Champions
Main articles listed by event:
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
[edit] References
- ^ http://sports.yahoo.com/ten/news;_ylt=AiWX6nW3eWFse9tEKaYor0s4v7YF?slug=ap-australianopensurface&prov=ap&type=lgns
- ^ In 1986 there was no Australian Open held
- ^ From 1941-1945 there was no Australian Open held because of World War II
| Preceded by None | Grand Slam Tournament January | Succeeded by French Open |
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