Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
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| Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha | |
|---|---|
| Princess of Wales; later Dowager | |
| Image:AugustaofSaxeGotha.jpg | |
| Portrait by Charles Philips, 1736 | |
| Spouse | Frederick, Prince of Wales |
| Issue | |
| Princess Augusta Charlotte of Wales George III Edward, Duke of York Princess Elizabeth Caroline of Wales William, Duke of Gloucester Henry, Duke of Cumberland Princess Louisa Anne of Wales Prince Frederick William of Wales Caroline Matilda of Wales | |
| Titles | |
| HRH The Dowager Princess of Wales HRH The Princess of Wales HH Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha | |
| Royal house | House of Hanover House of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg |
| Father | Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg |
| Mother | Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst |
| Born | 30 November 1719 Gotha, Germany |
| Died | 8 February 1772 (aged 52) Carlton House, London |
| Burial | February 15 1772 Westminster Abbey, London |
Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (30 November 1719 – 8 February 1772) was Princess of Wales between 1736 and 1751, and Dowager Princess of Wales thereafter. She was one of only three holders of the title who never became queen. Princess Augusta's eldest son succeeded as George III of Great Britain in 1760, as her husband, Frederick, Prince of Wales, had died nine years earlier.
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[edit] Early life
Princess Augusta was born in Gotha to Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1676-1732) and Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst (1676-1740). Her paternal grandfather was Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, eldest surviving son of Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Altenburg.
[edit] Marriage
At age 16 and speaking virtually no English, she arrived in Great Britain for a wedding ceremony which took place almost immediately, on 17 April 1736, at the Chapel Royal in St James's Palace, London. Despite a twelve-year age difference, the marriage seems to have been a happy one. They had nine children, the last born after Frederick's death. The birth of their first daughter, Princess Augusta Charlotte of Wales, on 31 August 1737, took place at St James's after Princess Augusta was forced by Frederick to travel from Hampton Court Palace while in labour, simply to prevent his hated parents, George II and Queen Caroline, from being present at the birth.
Throughout their marriage, Princess Augusta went along with her husband's wishes in the feud with his parents. Following the Prince of Wales' death, her role as mother of the heir-apparent to the throne became a more important one, and she was named prospective regent, which caused a political controversy. Shortly afterwards, she began to be influenced by John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, her son's tutor, and rumours spread that they were having an affair. This was due to her being adamant that Bute was visiting her, and not her son, during his back door visits to tutor the prince. Both were pilloried in the press. Even after George III's accession, Princess Augusta suffered widespread hostility from the public. After she died of cancer of the throat at age 52 at Carlton House, her funeral procession attracted troublemakers who followed the coffin to the grave shouting insults.
[edit] Kew Gardens
Princess Augusta enlarged and greatly extended Kew Gardens after her husband's death. Sir William Chambers built several garden structures for her. One of these, the lofty Chinese pagoda built in 1761, still remains.[1]
[edit] Titles, styles, honours and arms
[edit] Titles and styles
- 30 November 1719 – 17 April 1736: Her Serene Highness Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Duchess in Saxony
- 17 April 1736 – 30 March 1751: Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales
- 31 March 1751–8 February 1772: Her Royal Highness The Dowager Princess of Wales
[edit] Issue
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| HRH Princess Augusta Charlotte of Wales | 31 August 1737 | 31 March 1813 | married 1764, Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick; had issue |
| HM George III | 4 June 1738 | 29 January 1820 | married 1761, Charlotte-Sophia, Duchess of Mecklenburg; had issue |
| HRH Edward, Duke of York | 14 March 1739 | 17 September 1767 | |
| HRH Princess Elizabeth Caroline of Wales | 30 December 1740 | 4 September 1759 | |
| HRH William, Duke of Gloucester | 14 November 1743 | 25 August 1805 | married 1766, Maria Waldegrave, Countess Waldegrave; had issue |
| HRH Henry, Duke of Cumberland | 27 November 1745 | 18 September 1790 | (an alleged marriage to Olive Wilmot in 1767 did not occur) married 1771, The Hon. Lady Anne Luttrell; no issue |
| HRH Princess Louisa Anne of Wales | 8 March 1749 | 13 May 1768 | |
| HRH Prince Frederick William of Wales | 13 May 1750 | 29 December 1765 | |
| HRH Princess Caroline Matilda of Wales | 11 July 1751 | 10 May 1775 | married 1766, Christian VII, King of Denmark, had issue |
[edit] Legacy
- The city of Augusta, Georgia was named in her honour.
[edit] External links
- A short profile of Augusta alongside other influential women of her time:http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/womeninpower/Womeninpower1740.htm
[edit] References
- ^ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Augusta, Princess of Wales. Retrieved October 6, 2005.
| Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha Born: 30 November 1719 Died: 8 February 1772
| ||
| Peerage of Great Britain | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Caroline of Ansbach | Princess of Wales 1736-1751 | Succeeded by Caroline of Brunswick |
British princesses by marriage | |
|---|---|
| 1st Generation | |
| 2nd Generation | Augusta, Dowager Princess of Wales |
| 3rd Generation | |
| 4th Generation | |
| 5th Generation | |
| 6th Generation | |
| 7th Generation | |
| 8th Generation | Elizabeth, Queen Mother* · Alice, Duchess of Gloucester* · Marina, Duchess of Kent · Ortrud, Princess of Hanover · Monika, Princess of Hanover · Sophie, Princess George William of Hanover |
| 9th Generation | |
| 10th Generation | |
| Note: Queen Charlotte never was a British princess; she married George III after he became king *did not have a royal or noble title by birth | |
Princesses of Wales |
|---|
| Camilla (styled Duchess of Cornwall) Diana Spencer (1981–1997) · Mary of Teck (1901–1910) · Alexandra of Denmark (1863–1901) · Caroline of Brunswick (1795–1820) · Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (1736–1751) · Caroline of Ansbach (1714–1727) · Catherine of Aragon (1501–1502) · Anne Neville (1470–1471) · Joan of Kent (1361–1376) |
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