Arklow

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Arklow
An tInbhear Mór
Maoin na mara ár muinighin
Our hope lies in the riches of the Sea
Location
Irish Grid Reference
T240735
Statistics
Province: Leinster
County: County Wicklow
Elevation: sea level
Population (2006)
 - Town:
 - Rural: 		 
11,712 
47
Website: www.arklow.ie/

Arklow (Irish: An tInbhear Mór, meaning the large estuary) is a historic town in County Wicklow on the east coast of Ireland. Founded by the Vikings in the ninth century A.D., and the location of one of the bloodiest battles of the 1798 rebellion, it is now a thriving commuter town with a population of 11,721 according to the provisional 2006 census statistics. It is the second largest town in Co. Wicklow.

Arklow is situated at the mouth of the River Avoca, the longest river entirely within County Wicklow. The town is divided by the river, which is crossed by the Nineteen Arches Bridge, a stone arch bridge linking the south or main part of the town with the north part, called Ferrybank.

Image:IMG Arklow19Arches1551.jpg
Avoca estuary and "19 arches" bridge

Contents

[edit] History

The town's English name derives from "Arknell's Low" (Arknell was a Viking leader, a low was an area of land). Its Irish name means "the large estuary". Artifacts from the Viking Period are on display in the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. Historically it was a major seafaring town, with both shipping and fishing using the port, and shipbuilding was a major industry. The town also has a long history of industry, in particular the chemical industry.

After the arrival of the Anglo-Normans under the leadership of Theobald Walter, ancestor of the Earls of Ormonde, was granted the town and castle of Arklow by King Henry II. In 1264 the Dominicans were granted a large tract of land, which is now known as Abbeylands, and they built an Abbey, which became known as the Priory of the True Cross or Holy Cross.

Some time after 1416 the Manor of Arklow came into the control of the MacMurrough Kings of Leinster, possibly after the death of the 4th Earl of Ormonde in 1452. In Muiris Kavanagh (McMurrough, King of Leinster 1522-31) returned the manor and castle of Arklow and its lands to his nephew Piers Butler, the Earl of Ormonde.

During the Wars of the Three Kingdoms in September 1649 Oliver Cromwell arrived at Arklow on his way to Wexford and took the surrender of the town. In 1714 James, Duke of Ormonde, sold the Manor of Arklow to John Allen of Stillorgan, County Dublin. In 1750 Allen’s eldest granddaughter Elizabeth Allen married John Proby who was raised to the peerage in 1752 as Baron Carysfort of Co. Wicklow and came into possession of the Arklow Estate.

[edit] Shipping & Shipbuilding

Image:IMG ArklowBoats1554.jpg
Arklow Port

The national sail training vessel Asgard II, and Gypsy Moth III, the yacht that Francis Chichester sailed in the first solo transatlantic yacht race in 1960, were built in Arklow. Recent times have seen large reductions in cargo and fishing and the shipyards have closed. However the town retains its significance to shipping in Ireland as the headquarters of Arklow Shipping, which maintains a fleet of 37 cargo ships.

[edit] Transport & Communications

Arklow's proximity to Dublin and its consequent attractiveness to commuters have led to much recent expansion. The town is situated near the N11 route from Rosslare to Dublin, as well as having rail connections provided by Iarnród Éireann along the same route – there are commuter services in and out of the capital. Arklow railway station opened on 16 November 1863[1]

[edit] Industry

Image:IMG ArklowRock1576c.jpg
Quarrying at Arklow Rock

In 1884 Charles Stewart Parnell rented Big Rock townland from his cousin William Proby, Earl of Carysfort, and commenced quarrying. Parnell was also a supporter of the Arklow harbour scheme. The Parnell quarries closed in the 1920s.

In the early part of the 20th century, a large munitions factory, Kynoch, was established on the north side of the town. This factory employed several thousand workers during the First World War but closed shortly after it, all production being moved to South Africa. 17 workers were killed in an explosion at Kynoch in 1917. The town is also famous for its pottery (which eventually closed after first being taken over by Noritake) and for its shipbuilding industry.

In the 1960s a state-owned fertiliser factory, Nitrogen Éireann Teoranta (NET), later Irish Fertiliser Industries (IFI), was established on the outskirts of the town. This factory complex comprised a number of chemical plants and manufactured a range of fertilisers from basic raw materials. It was one of the first major chemical plants in Ireland and contributed to the present-day success of the Irish chemical industry. It closed in 2002.

There is still a good industry base in Arklow, with Servier and Allergan, still remaining, just two of the biggest manufacturers in Arklow.

[edit] Environmental Issues

The River Avoca is generally held to be one of the most polluted rivers in Europe as a result of the long history of industry in the area, both from early mining operations, and more recent chemical industries. In previous centuries, Arklow was renowned for oyster beds, however, these were destroyed over a century ago by pollutants from mining operations flowing down the river into the estuary. A few kilometers into the Irish Sea is to be the site of the world's largest offshore wind farm known as the Arklow Bank Wind Park, currently made up of a test of seven GE 3.6 MW machines, with 106m turbines. A further 193 turbines are planned by the operating company, Airtricity. This seems to have been put on hiatus due to problems with the government

[edit] The proposed Arklow Sewerage Treatment Plant

Raw effluent from the entire town still travels through the drainage system built in the 1930s, and spews out into the River Avoca untreated via several sewage outfall pipes along the river between the bypass bridge and the Nineteen Arches bridge, on both sides of the river. The proposed sewage treatment plant was first awarded planning permission in 1993.[1] This was challenged unsuccessfully to An Bord Pleanála. An Bord Pleanála decided in favour of the Sewerage Treatment Plant but no funding arrived from government[2] and the planning permission was allowed to lapse. Further 10 year planning permission was then granted in 1999.[3]Since then it too has been challenged unsuccessfully to An Bord Pleanála.[4]The current situation is that yet another legal challenge has been mounted by the objectors to the plant. Meanwhile raw human effluence continues to flow untreated into the River Avoca. The Arklow Sea Scout group has started an online petition in favour of the proposed Sewerage Treatment Plant.[5]

[edit] Sport

Arklow has many sporting clubs, associations and facilities, including:

community groups etc.

  • Arklow Tidy Towns Action Committee
  • Arklow Twinning Association
  • Arklow Historical Society
  • Revival Gospel Choir
  • Inver Ladies Choir

[edit] Arklow Today

Image:IMG FerrybankArklow1548.jpg
Modern Ferrybank

The town of Arklow has expanded rapidly in the last decade. There has been a growth in retail in the town and a new shopping centre, The Bridgewater Centre[11] opened on 4th October 2007 on Ferrybank which contains Dunnes Stores, CGC Cinemas, New Look, TK Maxx & Next amongst the main tenants. A new roundabout has been constructed at Ferrybank to allow access to Bridgewater, although congestion remains a severe problem to the town as there are just two access points from the N11, and one access point across the River Avoca.

The art-work of the famous Irish artist Nuala Holloway, can be currently seen in the town at the recently established, Riverview Bistro.

[edit] Music

To many foreign music fans, Arklow is most known as the title setting for Van Morrison's highly evocative 1974 song "Streets of Arklow". It is also the home town of pop group Moloko's lead singer Róisín Murphy.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Arklow station. Railscot - Irish Railways. Retrieved on 2007-09-08.

[edit] External links

bg:Арклоу

br:An tInbhear Mór da:Arklow fr:Arklow nl:Arklow pt:Arklow sv:Arklow

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