Arcadocypriot Greek

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History of the
Greek language
(see also: Greek alphabet)

Proto-Greek (c. 2000 BC)

Mycenaean (c. 1600–1100 BC)

Ancient Greek (c. 800–300 BC)
Dialects:
Aeolic, Arcadocypriot, Attic-Ionic,
Doric, Pamphylian; Homeric Greek.
Possible dialect: Macedonian.

Koine Greek (from c. 300 BC)

Medieval Greek (c. 330–1453)

Modern Greek (from 1453)
Dialects:
Cappadocian, Cretan, Cypriot,
Demotic, Griko, Katharevousa,
Pontic, Tsakonian, Yevanic

Arcadocypriot was an ancient Greek dialect spoken in Arcadia and Cyprus between ca. the 7th and 4th centuries BC. It is directly descended from Mycenaean Greek, being spoken in areas where the Mycenaean population retreated from the Dorian invasion. The dialect is only known from inscriptions. In Cyprus, it was written using the Cypriot syllabary. Tsan was a letter only in use in Arcadia, up to ca. the 6th century BC.

Arcadocypriot kept a lot of characteristics of Mycenaean lost in other classical Greek dialects, such as the /w/ sound (digamma).

1 Glossary
- 1.1 Arcadian
- 1.2 Cypriotic
  - 1.2.1 Paphian
2 References

[edit] Glossary

[edit] Arcadian

ἀμφιδεκάτη amphidekate ἡ μετὰ εἰκάδα ἡμέρα the day after twenty days (Attic δεκάτη dekate tenth)
ἄρμωλα armola or ἀρμώμαλα armomala (Attic ἀρτύματα artymata ἀρτύω) food Seasoning
δάριν darin (Attic σπιθαμή spithame inch) span of all fingers see Ancient Greek units of measurement
Ἑκατόμβαιος Hecatombaios epithet for Apollo in Athens and for Zeus in Gortyna, Arcadia and Gortyna Crete
ζέρεθρον zerethron (Homeric,Attic βέρεθρον berethron pit) (Arcadian and Macedonian zerethron) (Koine barathron)
θύρδα thyrda (Attic ἔξω exo outside) Greek thyra door
κάθιδι kathidi (Attic ὑδρίαι hydria)
Κορτύνιοι Kortynioi Arcadians (Kortys Gortyna, Arcadia)
κυβήβη kybebe (Attic hypodema shoe)
Λῆναι Lenai Bάκχαι Bacchae (Lenaeus Dionysus) (Lenaia festival)
Νυμφαῖος ὄχθος Nymphaios ochthos bank of Alpheus river (Ion of Chios fr. 52)
μωρίαι moriai (Hesychius ἵπποι horses) (Arcadian ox,cow,cattle)
οὔνη oune (Attic δεῦρο δράμε deuro drame come on! Go!)
πέσσεται pessetai (Attic ὀπτᾶται optatai it is cooked,roasted) (Arcadian ὀπτήσει he will cook,roast)

[edit] Cypriotic

A list of Cypriotic words with their Attic equivalents follows:

ἀβάθων (abathon) = διδάσκαλος (didaskalos), "teacher"
ἁβαριστάν (abaristan) = γυναικιζομένην, καθαιρομένην καταμηνίοις, "effeminate, purified during menstruation"
ἀβαρταί (abartai) = πτηναί (ptenai), "birds, volatile"
ἀβλάξ (ablax) = λαμπρῶς (lambros), "brightly wonderful"

Etym. α + βλάξ (blax) "idiot", blapto "harm"

ἀβρεμής (abremes) = ἀβλεπής, ἀνάξιος του βλέπεσθαι, "unworthy seeing, despicable", (cf. Thessalic same)
ἁγάνα agana = σαγήνη (sagene), "dragnet"
ἄγαν θές (agan thes) = σιώπα (siopa), "shut up"
Etym. "too much" + "put" (tithemi imp.)
ἄγκυρα(angyra) = τριώβολον (triobolon), "three obolus"
ἀγλαόν (aglaon) = γλαφυρόν (glaphyron), "smooth, sweet, simple, decorated" (cf. Cretan: same, Attic: aglaos = "bright")
ἀγόρ agor (Attic ἀετός aetos eagle)
ἀγχοῦρος anchouros standing or morning or phosphorus
ἄδειὁς (adeios) = ἀκάθαρτος (akathartos), "cleanless, impure" (cf. Attic: adeios, adeia = "fearless, safe", Byzantine and Modern: adeios, adeia = "empty")
ἄδρυον (adryon) = πλοῖον μονόξυλον (ploion monoxylon) boat
Etym. α + δρῦς
ἀίεις (aieis) = ἀκούεις (akoueis), "you listen"
αἰπόλος (aipolos) = κάπηλος wine-seller) (cf. Attic: aipolos = "shepherd")
ἀκεύει akevei (Attic τηρεῖ terei he observes,maintains,keeps order)
ἄκμων akmon (Attic ἀλετρίβανος aletribanos plough or pestle]) (Attic ἄκμων anvil,meteor) (Acmon mythology)
ἀκοστή akoste (Attic κριθή krithe barley)
ἅλς hals (Attic οἶνος oinos wine) (Attic ἅλς hals sea)
ἀλάβηalabe (Attic μαρίλη marile charcoal-ember) λιγνύς. σποδός. καρκίνος. ἄνθρακες
ἀλειπτήριον aleipterion (Attic γραφεῖον grapheion writing utensil or place of writing and engraving) (Attic ἀλειφω aleipho smear,rub)
ἄλευρον alevron (Greek τάφος taphos grave) (Greek ἄλευρον wheat flour) <Ἀλεύρου καὶ ῥόας>· (Ar. fr. 50)ἴσως, ὅτι τοῖς νοσοῦσιν οὕτως διανύττουσιν ἀλευροφαγοῦντες <ἢ> πέμματος γένος, παρὰ Αὐτοκλείδῃ
ἄλουα aloua (Attic κῆποι kepoi gardens)
ἁλουργά alourga the red things of the sea τὰ ἐκ τῆς θαλάσσης πορφυρᾶ
ἄνδα anda (Attic αὕτη haute she)
ἄορον aoron lever μοχλός gateway πυλῶν door-keeper θυρωρός
ἀούματα aoumata straws left-overs of barleys τὰ τῶν πτισσομένων κριθῶν ἄχυρα
ἀπέλυκα apelyka (Attic ἀπέῤῥωγα aperrhoga I am broken,crashed)
ἀπλανῆ aplane (Attic πολλά polla many,a lot) (Attic aplaneis unmoving,non wandering)
ἀποαἵρει apoairei (Attic ἀποκαθαίρει apokathairei he cleans,removes) (ἀπαίρω lead off,set out to sea)
ἀπόγεμε apogeme (Attic ἄφελκε aphelke remove out!) (Attic γέμω gemo fill)
ἀπολοισθεῖν apoloisthein (Attic ἀποτελεῖν apotelein to finish complete) (Greek ὄλος olos whole)
ἀπόλυγμα apolygma (Attic ἀπογύμνωσις apogymnosis denudation)
ἀρὰς ἐπισπεῖραι aras epispeirai Cypriot cursing custom sowing barley with water σπειρόντων κριθὰς μεθ' ἁλὸς καταρᾶσθαί τισιν
ἄριζος arizos (Attic τάφος taphos grave) (α + ῥίζα rhiza root)
ἄρμυλα armyla (Attic ὑποδήματα hypodemata shoes)
ἀρμώατος armoatos (Attic σπασμός spasmos spasm
ἄρουρα aroura (heap of wheat with straws) σωρὸς σίτου σὺν ἀχύροις (Homeric,Ionic ἄρουρα aroura earth)
ἄρπιξ arpix specie of thorn,acanthus, εἶδος ἀκάνθης
αὔγαρος augaros (Attic ἄσωτος asotos unsaved,wasteful,prodigal)
αὐεκίζεινavekizein (Attic σφακελίζειν sphakelizein produce gangrene
ἀθρίζειν athrizein (Attic ῥιγοῦν rhigoun to shiver)
βᾶλλαι ballai (Attic βαθμοί bathmoi grades,steps,stages)
βλάστα blasta (Attic βλάστησις blastesis Vegetation)
βομβοία bomboia (Attic ἡ κολυμβὰς ἐλαία colymbas elaia pickled olive,swimming in brine -kolymbo swim)
βορβορίζει borborizei γογγύζει. μολύνει he groans .pollutes
βουκανῆ boucane the bloom of anemone ἀνεμώνη τὸ ἄνθος
βουνός bounos (Attic στιβάς stibas bed of straw, reeds, leaves) (Greek bounos hill,mountain)
βοώνητα booneta purchased in the price of cows τιμῆς βοῶν ἠγορασμένα (Cypriot unsacred things)
βρένθιξ brenthix (Attic θριδακίνη thridakine lettuce)
βρίγκα (Attic μικρόν mikron small) (Hesychius bringus huge fish)
βριμάζειν brimazein orgasmize ὀργᾷν εἰς συνουσίαν. (Brimo mythology) (brimaomai freak,be enraged)(brime volume,power,brithos)
βροῦκα brouka green locust χλωρὰν ἀκρίδα (Ionians also)
βρούχετος (Attic βάτραχος bathrachos) (Attic brouchetos βάραθρον pit)
βύβλιοι byblioi Gravekeepers
γέμοις νυgemois nu take and sit λαβέ καὶ κάθιζε (Attic fill now?)
γένεσις genesis (Attic σπονδή sponde libation
γοᾶναι goanai (Attic κλαίειν klaiein to cry) (Greek γόος goos moan)
γρᾶ (gra) = φάγε, "eat (imp)"
δαματρίζειν (damatrizein) = τὸ συνάγειν τὸν Δημητριακὸν καρπόν, "collect the fuits of Demeter"
δεῖν (dein) = στρέφειν (strephein), "turn" (cf. Attic: δεῖν = "must need")
δίπτυον (diptyon) = οἱ δὲ τὸ ἡμιμέδιμνον, "some say hemimedimnos i.e. a Cypriotic measure"
διφθεραλοιφός (diphtheraloiphos) = γραμματοδιδάσκαλος (grammatodidaskalos), "elementary teacher"
Etym. aleipho "smear" + diphthera "skin of the goat"
δρόσος (drosos) = ἀχρείος (achreios), "needless, useless"
δύσεα dysea (the things around the wall) τοῦ τοίχου τὰ πέριξ
Μίονες Miones Κύπριοι]Μῄονες>
μόψος mopsos (stain on the clothes) (Attic kelis κηλὶς ἡ ἐν τοῖς ἱματίοις) (Mopsus mythology) (Mopsopia old name of Attica and Attic tales of Euphorion of Chalcis)
μύθα mytha voice (Attic φωνή phone mythos μυθέομαι mytheomai speak narrate)
μυλάσασθαι mylasasthai (Attic σμήξασθαι σμήχω smecho cleanse with oil)
ἔαρ ear (Attic αἷμα haima blood) (Attic Ear Spring (season))
Ἔγχειος Encheios Ἀφροδίτη
ἔλαψα elapsa (Attic διέφθειρα diephtheira I harmed)
ἔλφος elphos (Attic βούτυρον boutyron)
ἔναυὁν enavon ἔνθες put in,ignite <εναύοντες>· ἀνάπτοντες πυρί. τὰ γὰρ σμήνη τῶν μελισσῶν διώκουσι διὰ πυρὸς καὶ καπνοῦ A (n)
ἔπιξα epixa (Attic ὄρνεα ornea birds)
ἐροῦντες erountes (Attic λέγοντες legontes the saying) (Attic erountes the ones who will say)
ἐρούα eroua walk and rest πορεύου,αναπαύου
ἔστη este (Attic στολή stole,equipment)
ζάει zaei (Attic κινεῖ καὶ πνεῖ ,it moves and blows)
θᾶτες thates (Attic θῆτες thetes slaves)
θεῖον theiον (Attic ἴγδιον igdion mortar) (Aristophanes θυεία thyeia igdion mortar)
θίβων thibon (Attic κιβωτός kibotos ark)
θρόδαξ throdax (Attic θρίδαξ thridax lettuce)
θύα thua thya Flavouring ἀρτύματα. Κύπριοι. ἔνιοι τὰ ἀρώματα. Καλλίμαχος (fr.564). Εὔπολις (fr. 108,2) τὰ πέμματα. λέγεται δὲ καὶ τὰ θυόμενα ταῖν θεαῖν
ἵγα higa (Attic σιώπα siopa shut up)
ἱμονιά himonia (Attic ἵμας himas himantes straps)
ἳν hin (Attic αὕτη haute she)
καλίνδινα kalindina (Attic ἔντερα entera bowels)
κάς kas (Attic καί kai and)
καχίλα kachila (Attic ἄνθη flowers)
κενεά (Attic ἀναδενδράδες anadendrades climbing vineyards) (Attic kena kenea vain
κίβισις kibisis (Attic πήρα pera bag)
κίλλος killos (Attic τέττιξ πρωϊνὸς tettix proinos morning cicada) (Hesychius killos donkey)
κιναύρου ψῦχος kinavrou psychos τὸ ἅμα ἡμέρᾳ
Κινυράδαι Kinyradai priests of Aphrodite ἱερεῖς Ἀφροδίτης
κίρις kiris (bird or epithet for Adonis) (Laconian kiris λύχνος lychnos light,lamp)
κίτταρις kittaris Cypriot Diadem.Κίτταροι Kittaroi ,the ones who wear it
κιχητός kichetos the vessel or the substance where the censer(Greek libanotos) is being dyed εἰς ὃ ἐμβάπτεται ὁ λιβανωτός
κυνύπισμα kunupisma drink from stemphyla (left-overs of pressed grapes) modern Greek στράφυλα straphyla
λήνεα lenea or λείνα leina (Attic ἔρια eria wool)
ὄλινος olinos (Attic ὤλενος ωλένη olenos elbow) (Olenus mythology)
ὀρτός ortos (Attic βωμός bomos altar)
οὐάραι ouarai (Attic ἡμεῖς hemeis we)
οὔαρον ouaron (Attic ἔλαιον elaion olive oil)
οὖνον ounon (Attic odos ,road)
πές(ς)ον pes(s)on (Greek ὄρος mountain χωρίον village)
πιλνόν pilnon (Attic φαιόν phaion obscure brown ,πελιδνόν pelidnon livid (blue,green/ dark)
πρέπον prepon (Attic τέρας teras beast)
Πυγμαίων Pygmaion ὁ Ἄδωνις Adonis
ῥύεινα rhyeina (Attic ἄρνα arna lambs)
σί βόλε si bole (Attic τί βούλει; ti boulei? what do you want?)
σίγυνον sigynon (Attic ἀκόντιον akontion spear)^[1]

[edit] Paphian

ἐπίκορον epicoron (Attic ἐπίκοπον epicopon tiresome)
ἐς πόθ' ἕρπες es poth' herpes? (Attic πόθεν ἥκεις pothen hekeis? where do you come from?) (Attic ἕρπειν herpein to creep, to crawl, move slowly like a serpent
εὐτρόσσεσθαι (Attic ἐπιστρέφεσθαι epistrephesthai return)
θόρανδε thorande (Attic ἔξω exo outside) θύρα thyra door
ἵγγια hingia (εἷς heis one)
ἰμίτραιον imitraion (Attic ὑπόζωστον hypozoston under-girdle,rope of ship
ἰμπάταὁν imbataon (Attic ἔμβλεψον emblepson look inside -imperative)
κάβειος kabeios (Attic νέος neos young)
καβλή kable (Attic μάνδαλος mandalos latch)
κακκέρσαι kakkersai (Attic κατακόψαι katakopsai to cut,slay)
καλέχεο kalecheo (Attic κατάκεισο katakeiso lay down -imperative) (Homeric λέχος lechos bed)
καπατάξεις kapataxeis (Attic κατακόψεις katakopseis you will cut,slay)
κάῤῥαξον karrhaxon (Attic κατάραξον kataraxon strike! -imperative)
κατέρεαι katereai (Attic κάθισαι kathisai sit)
κίβος kibos (Attic ἐνεός eneos speechless)
κιδνόν kidnon (Attic ἐνθάδε enthade here)
κόρζα korza (Attic καρδία kardia heart)
κύβος kubos cube (Attic τρύβλιον tryblion saucer bowl dish)
λιμήν limen ἀγορά and (ἐνδιατριβή endiatribe delay,abide,stay) (Greek λιμήν limen port,harbour)
μοχοῖ mochoi (Attic ἐντός entos inside)
σάπιθος sapithos (Attic θυσία thysia sacrifice)
σάσαι sasai (Attic καθίσαι kathisai sit)
σές ses (Attic ἔλαθες elathes you were hidden,escaped notice see λανθάνω lanthano)
σίαἱ siai (Attic πτύσαι ptysai to spit) (σίω, sio πτύω ptyo)
σοάνα soana (Attic ἀξίνη axine axe)
στροπά stropa (Attic ἀστραπή astrape) (Homeric sterope, lightning flash)
ὕεσις hyesis (Attic στολή stole garment equipment) , (ἀμφίεσις amphiesis clothing)
Φάπη Phape Παφία Paphia Paphian (Paphia Aphrodite)