Alveolar lateral approximant

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IPA – number	155
IPA – text	l
IPA – image	Image:Xsampa-l.png
Entity	l
X-SAMPA	l
Kirshenbaum	l
Sound sample (help·info)

The alveolar lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental, alveolar, and postalveolar lateral approximants is l, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is l.

Contents 1 Features 2 Occurrence 3 See also 4 References 5 Bibliography

[edit] Features

Features of the alveolar lateral approximant:

• Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by bringing one articulator close to another but without the vocal tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced.
• Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue — termed respectively apical and laminal — against the alveolar ridge.
• Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the sides of the tongue, rather than the middle of the tongue.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

[edit] Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Abkhaz		мгьал	[mgʲal]	'bread'
Arabic		صلاة	[sˤɑˈlæːh]	'prayer/salat'
Chechen		лам /lam	[laːm]	'mountain'
Dutch		leven	[leːvə(n)]	'to live'	See Dutch phonology
English		let	[lɛt]	'let'	See English phonology
Finnish		illalla	[ilːɑlːɑ]	'at evening'	See Finnish phonology
French		lune	[lyn]	'moon'	See French phonology
Georgian[1]		ჰავა	[ludi]	'beer'
German		Liebe	[liːbə]	'love'	See German phonology
Greek		καλόγερος	[]	'monk'	See Modern Greek phonology
Hungarian		elem	[ɛlɛm]	'battery'	See Hungarian phonology
Italian		letto	[ˈlɛtto]	'bed'	See Italian phonology
Mandarin		老/lǎo	[lao214]	'old'	See Standard Mandarin
Ngwe	Njoagwi dialect	[lɛ̀rɛ́]		'eye'
Norwegian		liv	[liːv]	'life'	See Norwegian phonology
Pashto		ﻟﺲ	[ləs]	'ten'
Polish		lot	[lɔt]	'flight'	See Polish phonology
Portuguese	Brazilian	lua	[ˈluɐ]	'moon'	See Portuguese phonology
Romanian		alună	[aˈlu.nə]	'hazelnut'	See Romanian phonology
Spanish[2]		hablar	[aβˈlaɾ]	'to speak'	See Spanish phonology
Swedish		allt	[alt]	'everything'	See Swedish phonology
Tamil[3]		?	[puli]	'tiger'	See Tamil phonology

[edit] See also

• List of phonetics topics

[edit] References

[edit] Bibliography

• Keane, Elinor (2004), "Tamil", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 111-116
• Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Ana Ma. Fernández-Planas & Josefina Carrera-Sabaté (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255-259
• Shosted, Ryan K. & Chikovani Vakhtang (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255-264

Consonants (List, table)	See also: IPA, Vowels
Pulmonics Bilabial Lab'den. Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn. Epiglottal Glottal Non-pulmonics and other symbols Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǁ ǃ ǂ Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Implo­­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ Fricatives  ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Ejec­­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ Approximants  ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Other laterals  ɺ ɫ Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Co-articulated approximants  ʍ w ɥ Flaps & Taps • ѵ ɾ ɽ • Co-articulated fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Affricates  t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.

bn:দন্তমূলীয় পার্শ্বিক নৈকট্যধ্বনি

br:Kensonenn kevig a-gostez dre dostaat ca:Lateral aproximant alveolar sonora cs:Alveolární laterální aproximanta de:Stimmhafter lateraler alveolarer Approximant fr:Consonne spirante latérale alvéolaire voisée hr:Alveolarni lateralni aproksimant it:Laterale alveolare ja:歯茎側面接近音 pl:Spółgłoska boczna dziąsłowa pt:Lateral alveolar ro:Consoană sonantă laterală alveolară sv:Alveolar lateral approximant zh:齒齦邊音