Air China
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| Air China 中国国际航空公司 Zhōngguó Guójì Hángkōng Gōngsī | ||
|---|---|---|
| Image:Air China logo.png | ||
| IATA CA | ICAO CCA | Callsign AIR CHINA |
| Founded | 1988 | |
| Hubs | ||
| Focus cities | ||
| Frequent flyer program | Air China Companion or Phoenix Miles | |
| Member lounge | VIP Lounge | |
| Alliance | Star Alliance | |
| Fleet size | 216 (72 orders) incl. cargo | |
| Destinations | 185 | |
| Parent company | China National Aviation Holding Company | |
| Headquarters | Beijing, China | |
| Key people | Li Jiaxiang, Chairman Cai Jianjiang, President | |
| Website: http://www.airchina.com.cn | ||
- Not to be confused with China Airlines, the national airline of the Republic of China (Taiwan).
Air China (SEHK: 0753) (LSE: AIRC) (simplified Chinese: 中国国际航空公司, Pinyin: Zhōngguó Guójì Hángkōng Gōngsī, literally "Chinese International Aviation Company", abbreviated 国航) is the People's Republic of China's state owned and second-largest commercial airline after China Southern Airlines. It is the flag carrier and the only airline to fly the PRC national flag on its entire fleet. Its logo consists of a phoenix in the form of the abbreviation VIP, and "Air China" in both English and Chinese, which was autographed by Deng Xiaoping. It operates 5090 flights each week worldwide and is also the 18th largest airline in the world by fleet size.
Air China's main hubs are Beijing Capital International Airport, Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport and Shanghai Pudong International Airport, with other focus cities at Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport, Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport, Tianjin Binhai International Airport and Hohhot Baita International Airport.[1] Out of all Asian airlines, Air China currently flies to approximately 120 destinations; the most destinations from its own Beijing Hub. It also serves the most destinations out of all Asian airlines.
The airline flew 33.97 million passengers in 2006, with a passenger load factor of 75.9%. In the same year, it made a profit of 2.7 billion yuan, with an operating revenue of 44.9 billion yuan and total expenses standing at 42.4 billion yuan.[2]
Air China Limited is currently the world's largest carrier by market capitalisation. It overtook Singapore Airlines in 2007 (but Air China's gain may be short-lived)[3]. It is the 4th largest airline in Asia, 5th largest in the world in terms of Domestic cargo traffic and 18th largest airline in the world by terms of fleet size.
On June 20, 2007, Air China was ranked 461 out of the Worlds Top 500 Brands, an accolade in which Air China is the only airline known to be on the top 500.[4]
Contents |
[edit] History
Air China was established and started operations on July 1 1988. Formerly the Beijing-based international carrier division of Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), it was renamed in 1988, when the government decided to split the operating divisions of CAAC into separate airlines, each with its own name.[5] At first dependent on Soviet aviation technology, by the 1980s the Chinese were fielding fleets of modern Western jets as they began to compete with Western airlines on international routes.
Difficulty adapting to new marketplace competition and a series of accidents between 1979 and 1983 created pressure for the organization to change. The CAAC was reorganized in late 1984, producing the following four regional divisions: Eastern, Southern, Southwestern, and Northwestern. Air China, based in Beijing, was given chief responsibility for intercontinental flights, and took over the CAAC's long haul aircraft (Boeing 747s, 767s, and 707s, as well as medium-haul 737s) and routes when it was granted its autonomy on July 1, 1988. Because of the commercial importance of Guangzhou (formerly Canton), China Southern was also cleared for international flights, along with Shanghai-based China Eastern.
At its launch in 1988, Air China operated 32 international routes to 31 destinations, and also connected 30 cities within China. It was China's largest carrier, and the only one allowed to carry China's national flag. In 1989, Air China posted a net profit of $106 million on revenues of $383 million. (The carrier had 6,000 employees at the time.) In that same year, Air China entered a joint venture with Lufthansa German Airlines, which provided 40 percent of the capital, or $220 million, to create the Beijing Aircraft Maintenance Center (Ameco Beijing). It specialized in the upkeep of the Boeing aircraft that comprised Air China's fleet. The venture was expanded with another $218 million (¥1.2 billion) in 1992. Ameco Beijing employed nearly 4,000 people, a little fewer than 50 of them from Lufthansa. Air Transport World reported the company preferred to source its needs through joint ventures due to the country's lack of hard currency. Its Beijing Air Catering was 40 percent owned by a large Hong Kong caterer.
Operating revenues for Air China were $1.05 billion in 1994, producing a net income of $36 million. Further deregulation of the aviation business took place in 1994, enabling foreign investment in airports and facilitating the import of aircraft built outside mainland China. By 1996 the country had 108 airports with scheduled airline services and around 30 different airlines. In 1997, the airline reported sales of $1.38 billion (¥11.5 billion). The fleet had grown to 65 aircraft and the carrier was flying 144 routes overall. By October 1997, Air China was planning a public stock offering. China Eastern Airlines and China Southern Airlines had listed on the Hong Kong and New York exchanges earlier in the year. Air China delayed plans based due to poor financial performance and a downturn in business caused by the Asian financial crisis. About 16 million passengers flew Air China in 1998.
Rumors of a state-prompted merger between Air China and China Southern Airlines abounded in 1999. By this time, China Southern, based in the commercial center of Guangzhou, had become the country's largest carrier. At the time, China had 30 airlines, and Beijing wanted to group them into several, more globally competitive units. Altogether, mainland airlines lost more than ¥6 billion in 1998. Flight International observed that a merger with China Southern could give Air China access to the Hong Kong and New York stock markets.
The October 1999 opening of a new terminal (Beijing Hub) at Beijing Capital International Airport, where Air China operated the vast majority of flights, promised not only to relieve travelers of cramped conditions but also to allow Air China to devote more resources to its lucrative ground handling business for international carriers. One-fifth of Air China's 15,000 employees worked in ground handling.
Although the Chinese aviation industry as a whole was expected to earn ¥1 billion ($120 million) in profits in 1999, Air China and other individual airlines were struggling to break even and mitigate their collective losses of 1998, which totaled $300 million. Air China was not publicly traded and was not quite as open with its own sales figures as China Eastern and China Southern.
To demonstrate the airline's faith in its Y2K preparations, Air China chief Wang Li'an and several other top officers personally piloted several flights at the turn of the millennium. As reported in the China Daily, this decision generated a considerable amount of positive publicity in China. Wang had worked for the CAAC for more than 40 years before being appointed Air China's director-general in early 1999.
Early in 2000, Air China teamed with China National Aviation Co. Group (CNAC), the CAAC's Hong Kong-listed commercial arm, to establish a Hong Kong branch (95% owned by Air China). Direct flights to London from Hong Kong soon began. Air China faced competition at its home base from Air France, which increased its four flights a week to Beijing, begun in 1997, to daily service. British Airways also wanted to increase its frequencies (it was operating 18 flights a week to China).
In mid-2000, the CAAC repeated earlier calls for a consolidation of the ten airlines it controlled into three. (Air China, China Southern, and China Eastern were to each acquire the smaller airlines.) Apart from the ten CAAC airlines, there were another 24 smaller carriers that had been formed by provincial or private interests.) Price wars had proved so destructive that the government banned discounting. However, no deadlines or plans for financial support for ailing carriers were made. To aggravate the airlines' financial troubles, the CAAC blocked a proposed merger in September 2000 between Air China and China Southern on anti-competitive grounds.
In January 2001, the CAAC's ten airlines announced they had agreed on a merger plan. Air China was to acquire China Southwest Airlines and China International Airlines, the country's fourth strongest domestic airline. This was to create a group with assets of ¥56 billion (HK$ 52.5 billion), including 118 aircraft. On October 28 2002, Air China consolidated with China National Aviation Corporation and China Southwest Airlines.
During 2004 as part of a consolidation of the Chinese aviation industry, Air China absorbed Zhejiang Airlines (a subsidiary of CNAC). On 15 December 2004 the company listed its shares on the Hong Kong and London Stock Exchanges. Air China has shareholdings in Air China Cargo (51%), Air Macau (51%) and also holds majority shares of Shandong Airlines.
In March 2005, Air China was in talks with Swire Group, the largest shareholder of Cathay Pacific, for talks with Air China acquiring Cathay Pacific, and Cathay Pacific acquiring a majority stake of Dragonair. In return, the Swire Group would become the largest individual shareholder of Air China's parent company. Both airlines subsequently announced that the airlines will not merge completely in the foreseeable future, and Swire expressed its commitment in remaining as the largest shareholder of Cathay Pacific. It was also announced that Air China would cooperate with Cathay Pacific by codesharing flights in late 2005, and would partner with Asia Miles in the second-half of 2005.
As of January 2005, Air China is owned by China National Aviation Holding Company (CNAH) (69%), public floatation (21%) and Cathay Pacific (10%). On May 22 2006, Air China signed an agreement with Lufthansa and was officially invited to join Star Alliance, a rival airline alliance of Oneworld, of which Cathay Pacific is a member. A few days later on June 9 2006, a joint announcement revealed a new shareholding structure in which Air China will acquire a 17.5% stake in Cathay Pacific, while the latter will own 20% of the former.
Air China officially joined the Star Alliance on December 12th, 2007 along with Shanghai Airlines. It plans to locate terminal 3 of Beijing Capital International Airport to Air China and its Star Alliance partners while at Pudong International Airport to locate Air China, Shanghai Airlines and the Star Alliance partners at Pudong International.
[edit] Operations
Air China operates in four segments:[6]
- Airline Operations segment, which comprises the provision of air passenger and air cargo services;
- Engineering Services segment, providing aircraft engineering services, such as aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul services;
- Airport Terminal Services segment, offering ground services that include check-in services, boarding services, premium class lounge services, ramp services, luggage handling services, loading and unloading services, cabin cleaning and transit services,
- Others segment, which comprises the provision of air catering services and other airline-related services.
[edit] Subsidiaries
- Air China Cargo, flight logistics company
- Air China Business Jet, business jet company
[edit] Financial performance
For fiscal year ending December, 2006:
- Sales: $5,747.4M
- One year growth: 21.1%
- Net income: $422.7M
- Income growth: 38.1%
[edit] Destinations
Air China's route network extends from China to Asia, Middle East, Western Europe, North America and South America. The majority of the routes operate from its Beijing Hub. It currently operates a significant number of Asian, Australian and European destinations from Shanghai Pudong International Airport. This will also extend to North America when it adds an additional San Francisco service, complementing its service from Beijing and complementing United Airlines codeshares on the route. It also has some international routes operating and connecting from Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport, Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport, Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport, Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport, Kunming Wujiaba International Airport, Madrid Barajas International Airport, Nanning Wuxu International Airport and Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport.
In the past, it has operated a Beijing-San Francisco-New York Service but it was replaced with non-stop Beijing-New York service after several trials of flying over the north pole, cutting the time by 3 hours. In the past, Air China operated service to Berlin, Belgrade, Istanbul, Manila, Nagasaki, Seattle and Zurich from Beijing but later discontinued in the mid 90's. Copenhagen service was discontinued in 2002 (currently operated by SAS), Vienna service was discontinued in 2005 and it is currently operated by Austrian Airlines (although Austrian discontinued service to Shanghai in 2007). The Beijing-Milan sector had been discontinued in 2005 after increasing capacity on the Beijing-Rome routes. However, services to Berlin, Istanbul, Milan, Vienna and Zurich are set to restart between 2008 and 2009. Air China also operated a Beijing-Guangzhou-Melbourne-Sydney-Guangzhou-Beijing trip, operated by B777-200 but due to the range of the new A330-200 and also increasing capacity on the other Beijing-Shanghai-Melbourne/Sydney routes, which were upgraded in December 2006. The Guangzhou hub was also taken off.
Right now, Air China is increasing its international presence, starting service on 13 new routes between 2008/9. Recently, Air China has upgraded service to Vancouver to A330-200. After the launch of the new Beijing-Dubai-Athens route, it is considering upgrading the route with A330-200.
| Route | Aircraft | Start Date | Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beijing-Pyongyang [7] | Boeing 737 | Delayed till March, 2008 [8] | 3 times weekly |
| Beijing-Berlin | Airbus A330-200 | March, 2008 | Daily |
| Beijing-Istanbul | Airbus A330-200 | March, 2008 | Daily |
| Beijing-Warsaw | Airbus A330-200 | October, 2008 | Daily |
| Beijing-Toronto | Boeing 787-8 | March, 2009 | Daily |
| Beijing-Washington | Boeing 787-8 | March, 2009 | Daily |
| Shanghai-San Francisco | Boeing 787-8 | March, 2009 | Daily |
| Beijing-Manchester | Boeing 787-8 | March, 2009 | Daily |
| Beijing-Zurich | Airbus A330-200 | March, 2009 | Daily |
| Beijing-Dusseldorf | Airbus A330-200 | October, 2009 | Daily |
| Beijing-Vienna | Airbus A330-200 | October, 2009 | Daily |
| Shanghai-Rome (direct) | Airbus A330-200 | October, 2009 | Daily |
| Beijing-Milan (restarting) | Airbus A330-200 | October-2009 | Daily |
| Route | Aircraft | Planned Date | New frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beijing-Madrid-Sao Paulo | A330-200 | November 18, 2007 | 3 Times weekly |
| Beijing-Bangkok | Boeing 757-200 | December 1, 2007 | Double Daily |
| Beijing-Los Angeles | Unknown | March 2008 | Double Daily |
| Beijing-Moscow | A330-200 | March 2008 | Double Daily |
| Shanghai-Paris | A340-300 | March 2008 | Daily |
| Beijing-Paris | Boeing 747-400 | March 2008 | Double Daily |
| Shanghai-Milan | A330-200 | March 2008 | Daily |
| Beijing-San Francisco | Boeing 787-8 | October 2008 | Double Daily |
| Beijing-Vancouver | A330-200 | March 2009 | Double Daily |
| Beijing-New York-JFK | Boeing 787-8 | March 2009 | Double Daily |
| Beijing-Frankfurt | Airbus A330-200 | March 2009 | Triple Daily |
As of December 1st, Air China began flying non-stop from Beijing to Australia. In the past, all of the routes stopped at Shanghai/Guangzhou and then continued to Melbourne/Sydney. Air China delinked Sydney from Melbourne to offer a direct Beijing-Shanghai-Melbourne. Beijing-Shanghai-Sydney was reduced from daily to 4 times weekly. [2] In the past, the service between Australia and China have been operated by Boeing 747-400, Boeing 777-200 and Boeing 767-300ER.
On the December 10th, 2006, it made its first flight to São Paulo (via Madrid), which became its first South American destination. The service began with the B767-300 aircraft but because of its popularity, the service has been upgraded to A330-200. This is currently Air China's longest route.
Routes to Australia, Frankfurt, Madrid and São Paulo currently operated by Airbus A330-200 may be replaced by Boeing 787 Dreamliners to ensure the best services on these routes. The Boeing 787 Dreamliners will be used on flights to Toronto and Washington, D.C. when they are launched.
[edit] Fleet
[edit] Passenger
As of November 2007, Air China fleet includes of the following aircraft:
| Aircraft | Total | Passengers (First/Business/Ecomomy) | Routes | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Airbus A319-100 | 33 (2 orders) | 128 (8/120) | Domestic | |
| Airbus A320-200 | 5 | 164 (8/156) | Domestic, Asia | |
| Airbus A321-200 | 1
(23 orders) | Domestic | ||
| Airbus A330-200 | 13 (7 orders) | 283 (12/271) 240 (36/215) | Domestic, Australia, Europe, Vancouver and São Paulo | Two in Star Alliance Livery (B-6091, B-6093) |
| Airbus A340-300 | 6 | 255 (8/28/219) | Domestic, Europe | |
| Boeing 737-300 | 38 | 128 (8/120) | Domestic | |
| Boeing 737-600 | 6 | Domestic | ||
| Boeing 737-700 | 20 | Domestic, Asia | ||
| Boeing 737-800 | 39 (20 orders) | 167 (8/159) | Domestic, Asia | |
| Boeing 747-400 | 4 | 406 (18/40/348) | Domestic, Europe, North America | |
| Boeing 747-400 Combi | 8 | 307 (18/40/249) | Europe, North America | |
| Boeing 757-200 | 13 | 200 (8/192) | Domestic, Asia | |
| Boeing 767-200ER | 4 | 214 (18/196) | Asia | |
| Boeing 767-300 | 4 | 225 (10/26/189) | Southeast Asia | |
| Boeing 767-300ER | 3 | 225 (10/26/189) | Asia, Europe | |
| Boeing 777-200 | 10 | 345 (49/296) | Domestic, Asia, Europe | |
| Boeing 787-8 | (15 orders) | Entry into service: 2008 |
[edit] Cargo
- See also: Air China Cargo
A cargo subsidiary of Air China, Air China Cargo, operates the following aircraft as of November 2007:
| Aircraft | Total | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Boeing 747-200F | 4 | |
| Boeing 747-400F | 5 | |
| Tupolev Tu-204-120C | (3 orders) |
As of November 2007, Air China's average fleet age was 8.0 years old. [9]
Air China has two other business jets: one Gulfstream IV and one Bombardier Learjet 45.
[edit] Aircraft orders
Air China has signed agreements with:
- Airbus, on July 21 2005, for the purchase of 20 Trent 700 powered Airbus A330-200 aircraft, scheduled for delivery from May 2006.
- Boeing, on August 8 2005, for the purchase of 15 Boeing 787 aircraft for delivery from mid-2008 to end 2010. Sources also report that Air China may even become the 2nd carrier to take delivery of the Boeing 787-8, shortly after All Nippon Airways.
- Airbus, on June 2006, for the purchase of 24 Airbus A320s. These aircraft are to be delivered between 2007 and 2010. However, Air China has no plans to order the Airbus A380 in their fleet, because they think that it just makes more sense by using one kind of Jumbo jet. Before, Airbus has stated that Air China were to be the next few customers to order the A380, however, it may order the A380 superjumbo since they did not have a plan to rule out purchases of the big Airbus plane in the future.
While Boeing's orders page for 2006 reflects this order, there have been no formal news releases indicating the following:
- Boeing, on January 17 2006, for the purchase of 10 Boeing 737-800 aircraft for delivery from end 2007 to end 2008.
[edit] Previously operated
A couple of Lockheed Hercules aircraft superseded Antonov An-12s in the freighter role. Four BAe 146 "Whisperjet" passenger aircraft were returned to the United Kingdom during 2003. 4 Boeing 747SPs were retired and 4 Boeing 747-200s have been converted to freighters. A Boeing 737-200 and 3 Boeing 737-300s have been retired. Two Boeing 767-300ERs have had leases expired and were then deliverered to Varig. One Boeing 767-200ER was lost due to a crash in 2002.
[edit] Codeshare agreements
As of October 2007, Air China had codeshare agreements with the following airlines:
- Air Macau
- Air New Zealand
- Alitalia
- All Nippon Airways (ANA)
- Asiana Airlines
- Austrian Airlines Flights operated by Austrian Airlines
- Avianca
- British Airways
- Cathay Pacific Airways
- China Eastern Airlines
- China Southern Airlines
- Continental Airlines
- Dragonair
- Finnair flights operated by Finnair
- Korean Air
- Kuwait Airways, flight operated by Air China on the Kuwait - Karachi - Beijing route
- Lufthansa
- Qatar Airways all routes operated by Qatar Airways
- Qantas, blocked space codesharing on Qantas' Beijing - Sydney
- Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS)
- Shandong Airlines, all routes operated by Shandong Airlines
- Shanghai Airlines
- Turkish Airlines all routes operated by Turkish Airlines
- United Airlines
- Virgin Atlantic Airways
[edit] Former codeshare agreements
- Northwest Airlines (began 1996, terminated in 2002): Detroit to Beijing and Shanghai (operated by Northwest Airlines). After NWA terminated non-stop flights to China, Air China decided to terminate the codeshare between the two airlines.
- Varig (suspended in 2006 due to collapse): Beijing to Frankfurt (operated by Air China) and Frankfurt to São Paulo (operated by Varig). However, Air China itself began flying to São Paulo via Madrid in December 2006.
[edit] Air China Companion
Air China Companion is the frequent flyer program for Air China. This is the first frequent flyer program to be launched in China. It was designed to allow frequent flyers travelling internationally and domestically with Air China and its partner airlines.[10]
Members earn accumulated mileage points for awarded tickets on Air China and other partner flights. There are flight mileages and partner mileages. Flight mileages are for members flying with Air China while partner mileages are for members taking Partner Airlines of Air China. The companion card may be upgraded to VIP status. There are special redemption rates for VIP members - Gold card members and Platinum card Members.
- Gold card members: members will earn 25% mileage bonus on credited flight mileage.
- Platinum card members: members will earn 50% mileage bonus on credited flight mileage.
[edit] Partners
In addition to its Star Alliance partners, Air China has frequent flyer partnerships with the following airlines:
[edit] Accidents and incidents
- On April 15, 2002, Flight 129, a Boeing 767-200ER from Beijing to Busan, South Korea, crashed into a hill while trying to land at Gimhae International Airport during inclement weather, killing 128 of the 166 people on board. This is the only accident with fatalities involving Air China since 1988.
- On March 13, 2005, the right main gear wheels of an Air China Boeing 747-400 at LAX, sank deeply into asphalt at the edge of the taxiway as it turned on to runway 25R for take-off. The aircraft was immobilized and the runway had to be closed for 13 hours before the aircraft could be pulled free.[11]
- On January 6, 2007, the left wing of an Air China Boeing 747-400 bound for Beijing clipped the tail section of a Delta Air Lines plane while pushing back from the gate at John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York. No injuries were initially reported among the 215 passengers or 23 crew members aboard the Air China plane, the Delta Air Lines aircraft was empty of passengers at the time. This incident is under investigation by the US Federal Aviation Administration.
- On July 1, 2007, the nose gear of an Air China Boeing 767-200ER was accidentally retracted while the aircraft was at a gate at Beijing Capital International Airport. There were 2 injuries onboard and no fatalities.[12]
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ Introduction of Air China
- ^ Channel News Asia - Air China stats
- ^ http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/10/11/business/sxasia.php
- ^ http://www.chinaeconomicreview.com/airtravel/2007/07/20/air-china-one-of-the-worlds-500-most-influential-brands/
- ^ "Directory: World Airlines", Flight International, 2007-03-27, p. 55.
- ^ Air China Ltd 0753.HK (Hong Kong) Reuters.com
- ^ http://en.carnoc.com/list/4/4888.html
- ^ http://www.chinadaily.net/china/2008-01/03/content_6366709.htm
- ^ Air China fleet age
- ^ "Air China Companion" - about us
- ^ Flight International, July 2005
- ^ Photo: Air China, Boeing 767-2J6/ER, Beijing - Capital (PEK / ZBAA), China, July 1, 2007, B-2553 (cn 23744/155) Nose landing gear was accidentally retracted during boarding at gate 209. Two people were injured on board.
[edit] References
- "Air China Launches New Service, Works on Image," USA Today, October 9, 1991, p. 8B.
- "Air China to Stand Alone," Airfinance Journal, March 1995, p. 8.
- Bangsberg, P.T., "Lufthansa, China Plan More Funds for Aircraft Maintenance Venture," Journal of Commerce, June 24, 1992, p. 2B.
- Bradbury, Nicholas, "Troubled But Hopeful," Asset Finance & Leasing Digest, June 1994, p. 23.
- "CAAC Blocks China Southern Merger with Air China," AFX-Asia, September 28, 2000.
- Chan, Christine, "Link-Up Possible Between Mainland Flagship and Southern Airline; Rumours Fly of Giant Merger," South China Morning Post, Bus. Sec., July 9, 1999, p. 4.
- Chang, Leslie, "China Intends to Merge 10 Airlines Into Three," Wall Street Journal, July 24, 2000, p. A21.
- "China: Person of the Week; Making the Trans-Millennium Flight, Wang Creates a Marketable Image," China Daily, December 12, 1999, p. 8.
- Davies, R.E.G., "Airlines of the New China," Airlines of Asia Since 1920, London: Putnam Aeronautical Books; McLean, Va.: Paladwr Press, 1997, pp. 403-24.
- Flynn, Ann Amelia, "China's Airlines Take Wing," China Business Review (Washington), May/June 1993, p. 14.
- Harding, James, "Air China Plans Overseas Float," Financial Times (London), October 15, 1997.
- Holland, Tom, "China Break-In," Far Eastern Economic Review, October 25, 2001, p. 41.
- "It's a Jungle Up There: China Tries to Tame Its Unruly Aviation Sector," ChinaOnline, October 25, 2000.
- Lo, Joseph, "Star Alliance Beckons Air China," South China Morning Post, Bus. Sec., May 24, 2001, p. 2.
- McGregor, Richard, "Call for Mergers Leaves Chinese Carriers Up in the Air," Financial Times (London), August 1, 2000.
- Ng, Eric, "Air China Set to Announce Lead Bank for Listing," South China Morning Post, Bus. Sec., July 16, 2001, p. 4.
- "Rise of the Phoenix," Ground Handling International, July 1999, p. 55.
- "Ten Chinese Airlines Prepare for Takeoff of Mergers, Alliances," China Online, January 11, 2001.
- Vandyk, Anthony, "Air China: New Name, New Heights," Air Transport World, February 1991, p. 54.
[edit] External links
- Official site (Chinese) (English)
- Air China Worldwide
- Air China Business Jet
- Air China fleet details
- Air China at JFK
- Company profile Reuters
- Company profile Google Finance
- Company profile Yahoo! Finance
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