Ahkam

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Part of a series on the Usul al-fiqh
Fiqh
Qur'an and Sunnah Taqlid (imitation) Ijtihad (interpretation) madh'hab (school of law) Minhaj (method) Qiyas (analogical reasoning) Urf (society custom) Islamic jurisprudence Ijma (consensus) Bid‘ah (innovation) Madrasah (school/seminary) Ijazah (authorisation) Istihlal Istihsan Risalah
Ahkam
Halaal — legal Wajib/Fard — obligatory, duty Mustahab — favored Mubah — neutral Makruh — disliked, abominable Haraam — illegal, prohibited Baatil — void, incorrect Fasiq — corrupt
Scholarly titles
Marja — ... Ulema Khalifa Mufti Qadi Faqih Muhaddith Mullah Imam Mawlawi Sheikh Punjabi Shaikh Ayatollah Mujaddid Maulana This box: view • talk • edit

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Ahkam (Arabic: أحكام plural of Arabic: حكم) refers to the Islamic commandments which are derived and understood from religious jurisprudence resources (Arabic: المنابع الفقه). Ahkam can be categorized from various points of view.

1 Ahkam pentad
2 Emergency conditions and public affairs
3 References
4 External links

[edit] Ahkam pentad

The acts of a Muslim must be done according to Islamic commandments. These commandments are categorized logically in five groups which form a pentad and are called as commandments pentad or (Arabic: الاحكام الخمسة).^[clarify] They show how performing or abstaining from certain actions can be categorized as being obligatory or recommended in Islamic law. According to Islamic terminology they are as follows:

Wajib, obligatory; also known as: fard, rukn
Mustahabb, recommended, also known as fadilah, mandub
Mubah, neither obligatory nor recommended (neutral)
Makruh, abominable (abstaining is recommended)
Haraam, prohibited (abstaining is obligatory)

[edit] Emergency conditions and public affairs

Religious precepts may be relaxed under certain extraordinary conditions. For example, although Muslims are required to fast during Ramadan, it may be acceptable for an ill man to break his fast if he is certain that fasting will worsen his illness.

Also considering the social and public aspects of certain actions, the Islamic commandment for a society may become different from the one for an individual. For example, according to various verses of the Quran,^[1] Muslims are required to carry weapons, but the Islamic state can prohibit or limit weapons to ensure security in the society. This will lead to other categorization of Ahkam as follows:^[clarify]

Primary commandments, in the normal condition, for personal affairs
Secondary commandments, in the emergency condition (Arabic: اضطرار), for personal affairs
State commandments, for public affairs