23 (number)
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23 (twenty-three) is the natural number following 22 and preceding 24.
| Cardinal | 23 twenty-three |
| Ordinal | 23rd twenty-third |
| Factorization | prime |
| Divisors | 1, 23 |
| Roman numeral | XXIII |
| Binary | 10111 |
| Octal | 27 |
| Hexadecimal | 17 |
Contents |
[edit] In mathematics
Twenty-three is the ninth prime number, the smallest odd prime which is not a twin prime. Twenty-three is also the fifth factorial prime, the second Woodall prime. It is an Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part and real part of the form <math>3n - 1</math>. In base 10, it is the second Smarandache-Wellin prime, as it is the concatenation of the base 10 representations of the first two primes (2 and 3) and is itself also prime.
The fifth Sophie Germain prime and the fourth safe prime, 23 is the next to last member of the first Cunningham chain of the first kind to have five terms (2, 5, 11, 23, 47). Since 14! + 1 is a multiple of 23 but 23 is not one more than a multiple 14, 23 is a Pillai prime. 23 is the smallest odd prime to be a highly cototient number, as the solution to x - φ(x) for the integers 95, 119, 143, 529.
In the list of Fortunate numbers, 23 occurs twice, since adding 23 to either the fifth or eighth primorial gives a prime number (namely 2333 and 9699713).
23 also has the distinction of being one of two integers that cannot be expressed as the sum of fewer than 9 cubes of integers (the other is 239). See Waring's problem.
23 is a Wedderburn-Etherington number and the sixth happy number. The codewords in the perfect (non-extended) binary Golay code are of size 23.
23 is the first prime <math>P</math> for which unique factorization of cyclotomic integers based on the <math>P</math>'th root of unity breaks down.
According to the birthday paradox, in a group of 23 (or more) randomly chosen people, the probability is more than 50% that some pair of them will have the same birthday.
There were 23 problems on David Hilbert's famous list of unsolved mathematical problems, presented to the International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris in 1900.
23! is 23 digits long in base 10. There are only three other numbers that have this property: 1, 22, and 24.
[edit] In language
- There are 23 letters in the Latin alphabet
- The European Union has 23 official languages.
[edit] In science
- The atomic number of vanadium and the approximate atomic mass (in u) of sodium.
- Human sex cells have 23 chromosomes. Other human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
[edit] In technology
23 is the TCP/IP port used for telnet and is the default for the telnet command
[edit] In religion
- Psalm 23 (Psalm is the 23rd book in the Douay Catholic bible), also known as the Shepherd Psalm, is possibly the most quoted and best known psalm.
- In Islam, the Qur'an was revealed in a total of 23 years to Muhammad.[1][2]
- In Abhidharma, the number of anomalous generic types (of a possible 72) - e.g., events are considered sui generis because they are not reducible to either mind or matter - is 23.
- Principia Discordia, the sacred text of Discordianism, holds that 23 (along with 5) is the sacred number of Eris, goddess of discord.
[edit] In sports
- Michael Jordan wore number 23, with the exception of a short period of time, when he played professional basketball with the Chicago Bulls and, later, the Washington Wizards.
- Don Mattingly who played for the New York Yankees from 1982 to 1995 started wearing number 23 in April 1984, months before Michael Jordan wore it for the Bulls. The Yankees retired Mattingly's number in August 31, 1997. Ryne Sandberg, another MLB player who also started wearing the number 23 in 1982 with the Chicago Cubs, had his number retired on August 28, 2005.
- Bob Nystrom wore this number as a member of the New York Islanders from 1973 to 1986 and as had the number retired in his honor
- Manchester City F.C. have not assigned the squad number 23 to any player since 2003. This is because Marc-Vivien Foé, the player who collapsed and died while playing for Cameroon on June 26 2003, had held this squad number at Manchester City.
- 23 is the highest number in Football World Cup squads.
- Devin Hester of the Chicago Bears wears number 23.
- Chris Drury of the New York Rangers wears number 23 in honor of his childhood hero Don Mattingly.
- Rickie Weeks of the Milwaukee Brewers wears number 23.
- David Beckham wore 23 for Real Madrid which he chose because of Michael Jordan's wearing of the number. He continues to wear it at his new club, L.A. Galaxy.
- German Olympic hockey champion Adam Drofrehtur wore the number 23 in 1940 when Germany won a gold medal.
- Cleveland Cavaliers forward Lebron James[3] wears number 23, as a tribute to Michael Jordan
- Kevin Schwantz, a former 500cc Motorcycle GrandPrix Worldchampion always had the number 23 on his bike. He quit racing in the late 90's, and the number retired in his honor.
[edit] In music
Several songs and albums use the number 23 as their titles, includingTristan Prettyman's debut album, the eleventh song from Tool's fourth full-length studio album 10,000 Days, "Viginti Tres" (Latin for twenty-three).
[edit] In visual media
- 23 is a German film about Karl Koch
- The Number 23 is a 2007 film starring Jim Carrey.
- 23 is the fifth of the mystical numbers--4, 8, 15, 16, 23, and 42--in Lost.
[edit] In other fields
- Dr. Pepper is advertised as having 23 flavors.
23% of the American Homeless are Vietnam Veterans
[edit] References
- ^ Living Religions: An Encyclopaedia of the World's Faiths, Mary Pat Fisher, 1997, page 338, I.B. Tauris Publishers,
- ^ Qur'an, Chapter 17, Verse 106
- ^ nba.com, LeBron James: Player Info Page, accessed April 27, 2007.
[edit] External links
- Article in the British newspaper The Mirror regarding the power of the number 23
- A Portal for 23 Knowledge and Culturear:23 (عدد)
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