1923

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Centuries:	19th century - 20th century - 21st century
Decades:	1890s 1900s 1910s - 1920s - 1930s 1940s 1950s
Years:	1920 1921 1922 - 1923 - 1924 1925 1926

1923 by topic:
Subject: Archaeology - Architecture - Art
Aviation - Film - Literature Meteorology - Music (Country) Rail transport - Radio - Science
Sports - Television
Countries: Australia - Canada - India - Ireland
Malaysia - New Zealand - Singapore - South Africa - Soviet Union - UK - Wales - Zimbabwe
Leaders: Sovereign states - State leaders
Religious leaders - Law
Categories: Births - Deaths - Awards - Introductions
Establishments - Disestablishments - Works v • d • e

Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.

Contents:
Events of 1923 - Jan. ^. Feb. ^. March ^. April - May ^. June ^. July ^. Aug. - Sept. ^. Oct. ^. Nov. ^. Dec. - Undated ^. Ongoing ^. Births Deaths Nobel Prizes See also - Notes - External links

[edit] Events of 1923

[edit] January-February

January 1 - Grouping of all UK railway companies into four larger companies.
January 10 - Lithuania seizes and annexes Memel.
January 11 - Troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force Germany to pay its reparation payments.
January 17 - Juan de la Cierva invents the autogyro, a rotary-winged aircraft with an unpowered rotor.
January 18 - Elon College's campus is destroyed by a fire.
February 28 - Barcelona (Spain): Albert Einstein visits the city, at the invitation of scientist Esteban Terradas i Illa.

[edit] March-April

March - Antigone by Jean Cocteau appears on a Paris stage. Settings by Pablo Picasso, music by Arthur Honegger, and costumes by Gabrielle Chanel. Antonin Artaud played the part of Tiresias.
March 1 - USS Connecticut decommissioned.
March 1 - Greece adopts the Gregorian calendar.
March 2 - Time Magazine hits newsstands for the first time.
March 9 - Vladimir Lenin suffers a stroke, his third, which renders him bedridden and unable to speak; consequently he retires his position as Chairman of the Soviet government.
March 28 - Regia Aeronautica, air force of Fascist Italy, is founded.
April 28 - End of Irish Civil War.
April 6 - The first Prefects Board in Southeast Asia is formed in Victoria Institution, Malaysia.
April 12 - Kandersteg International Scout Centre came into existence.
April 23 - Ceremonial inauguration of Gdynia seaport.
April 23 - The House that Ruth Built: Yankee Stadium opens in New York City.
April 24 - Angora is discovered in Derbyshire.
April 26 - Wedding of Prince Albert and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in Westminster Abbey.
April - The date when Turkish Council was founded by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.

[edit] May-June

May 3 - Creation of Aleph Zadik Aleph
May 23 - Launch of Belgium's SABENA Airlines.
May 27 - Ku Klux Klan defies law requiring publication of its members.
June 9 - Military coup in Bulgaria - prime minister Aleksandar Stamboliyski is ousted (he is killed June 14).
June 13 - China President Li abandoned his residence because a warlord had commanded forces to surround the mansion and cut off water and electric supplies of the residence in order to force him to abandon his post.
June 16 - Storm of Ayan in Siberia concludes the Yakut Revolt and the Russian Civil War
June 18 - Etna volcano erupts - 60,000 made homeless.
June 25 - Rapid Bucureşti is formed on the initiative of the Griviţa railroad workers. The name given at the time was CFR Bucureşti.

[edit] July-August

July 10 - Large hailstones kill 23 in Rostow, Soviet Union.
July 19-July 20 - Assassination of Pancho Villa.
July 24 - The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in the First World War.
August 2 - Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States, (1921 - 1923) dies in office and is succeeded by Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929).
August 13 - First major sea-going ship arrives at Gdynia, newly constructed Polish seaport.
August 13 - Gustav Stresemann is named chancellor and founds a coalition government in Weimar Republic Germany.

[edit] September-October

September 1 - Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing an estimated 142,807 people.
September 4 - In Lakehurst, New Jersey, the first American airship, the USS Shenandoah, takes to the sky for the first time.
September 6 - Italian navy occupies Corfu in retaliation of murder of an Italian officer. League of Nations

protests and they leave September 29.

September 8 - Honda Point Disaster: Seven US Navy destroyers ran aground off the California coast.
September 9 - Atatürk founded the CHP.
September 10 - Ireland joins League of Nations.
September 13 - Military coup in Spain - Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship. Trade unions are banned for 10 years.
September 17 - A major fire in Berkeley, California erupts, consumed some 640 structures, including 584 homes in the densely-built neighborhoods north of the campus of the University of California.
September 18-September 26 - Newspaper printers strike in New York.
September 26 - In Bayern, Gustav Ritter von Kahr declares independence from Berlin.
October 13 - Ankara replaces İstanbul as the capital of Turkey.
October 26 - in Persia, Reza Khan became Ahmad Shah Qajar's prime minister.
October 29 - Turkey becomes a republic following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.

[edit] November-December

November 1 - Finnish flag carrier Finnair airline is started in Aero Oy.
November 8 - Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government; police and troops crush the attempt the next day.
November 12 - Her Highness Princess Maud of Fife marries Captain Charles Alexander Carnegie in Wellington Barracks, London.
November 15 - The hyperinflation in Germany reaches its height. One United States dollar is worth 4,200,000,000,000,000 Papiermark (4.2 quadrillion). Gustav Stresemann abolishes the old currency.
November 23 - Gustav Stresemann's coalition government collapses.
December 12 - In Italy, the Po river dam bursts - 600 dead.
December 27 - Assassination attempt against the crown prince of Japan in Tokyo.

[edit] Undated

Unemployment insurance scheme introduced in Queensland.
International Police Conference in Vienna. Interpol is set up.
Hoda Cha'arawi Association (formerly The Egyptian Feminist Union) is established in Egypt.
Police strike in Australia.
American Law Institute established.
Moderation League of New York becomes part of the movement for repeal of prohibition in the United States.
Rainbow Trout introduced into the upper Firehole River in Yellowstone National Park

[edit] Ongoing

Pontic Greek Genocide (1916–1923).

[edit] Births

**1923 in other calendars**
Gregorian calendar	1923 MCMXXIII
Ab urbe condita	2676
Armenian calendar	1372 ԹՎ ՌՅՀԲ
Bahá'í calendar	79 – 80
Berber calendar	2873
Buddhist calendar	2467
Burmese calendar	1285
Chinese calendar	4559/4619-11-15 (壬戌年十一月十五日) — to — 4560/4620-11-24 (癸亥年十一月廿四日)
Coptic calendar	1639 – 1640
Ethiopian calendar	1915 – 1916
Hebrew calendar	5683 – 5684
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1978 – 1979
- Shaka Samvat	1845 – 1846
- Kali Yuga	5024 – 5025
Holocene calendar	11923
Iranian calendar	1301 – 1302
Islamic calendar	1341 – 1342
Japanese calendar	Taishō 12 (大正12年)
- Imperial Year	Kōki 2583 (皇紀2583年)
Julian calendar	1968
Korean calendar	4256
Thai solar calendar	2466
v • d • e

[edit] January - February

January 1 - Vulo Radev, Bulgarian film director (d. 2001)
January 1 - Roméo Sabourin, Canadian World War II spy (d. 1944)
January 5 - Sam Phillips, American record producer (d. 2003)
January 6 - Jacobo Timerman, Argentine writer (d. 1999)
January 7 - Hugh Kenner, Canadian literary critic (d. 2003)
January 8 - Johnny Wardle, English cricketer (d. 1985)
January 16 - Anthony Hecht, American poet (d. 2004)
January 19 - Jean Stapleton, American actress
January 23 - Cot Deal, major league baseball player and coach
January 23 - Stephanie Kwolek, inventor of Kevlar fibers
January 25 - Arvid Carlsson, Swedish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
January 26 - Anne Jeffreys, American actress
January 29 - Paddy Chayefsky, American writer (d. 1981)
January 31 - Norman Mailer, American writer and journalist (d. 2007)
February 2 - James Dickey, American poet and author (d. 1997)
February 2 - Liz Smith, American gossip columnist
February 9 - Brendan Behan, Irish author (d. 1964)
February 10 - Cesare Siepi, Italian opera singer
February 12 - Franco Zeffirelli, Italian film and opera director
February 13 - Yfrah Neaman, Lebanese-born violinist (d. 2003)
February 13 - Chuck Yeager, American pilot and NASA official
February 20 - Forbes Burnham, President of Guyana (d. 1985)
February 24 - David Soyer, American cellist
February 27 - Dexter Gordon, American jazz saxophone player (d. 1990)

[edit] March - April

March 4 - Sir Patrick Moore, British astronomer and broadcaster
March 6 - Ed McMahon, American television personality
March 7 - Mahlon Clark, American musician (d. 2007)
March 9 - Walter Kohn, Austrian-born physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
March 10 - Val Logsdon Fitch, American nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
March 12 - Wally Schirra, astronaut (d. 2007)
March 21 - Shri Mataji Nirmala Srivastava, Indian founder of Sahaja Yoga
March 22 - Marcel Marceau, world renown French Mime (d. 2007)
March 25 - Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist (d. 2003)
March 26 - Bob Elliott, American comedian
March 27 - Louis Simpson, Jamaican-born poet
March 30 - Milton Acorn, Canadian writer (d. 1986)
April 2 - G. Spencer-Brown, British mathematician
April 6 - Ramon Valdes, Mexican comedian (d. 1988)
April 8 - George Fisher, American political cartoonist (d. 2003)
April 8 - Edward Mulhare, Irish actor (d. 1997)
April 13 - Don Adams, American actor and comedian (d. 2005)
April 20 - Mother Angelica, American founder of the Eternal Word Television Network (EWTN)
April 22 - Bettie Page, American model
April 22 - Aaron Spelling, American television producer and writer (d. 2006)
April 23 - Dolph Briscoe, Governor of Texas
April 25 - Albert King, American musician (d. 1992)
April 30 - Al Lewis, American actor (d. 2006)

[edit] May - June

May 1 - Joseph Heller, American novelist (d. 1999)
May 2 - Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland
May 3 - Ralph Hall, American politician
May 4 - Assi Rahbani, Lebanese composer, musician, conductor, poet and author (d. 1986)
May 5 - Richard Wollheim, British philosopher (d. 2003)
May 7 - Anne Baxter, American actress (d. 1985)
May 10 - Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan from June 1993 to October 2003 (d. 2003)
May 10 - Verne Gagne, American professional wrestler
May 15 - John Lanchbery, English composer (d. 2003)
May 16 - Merton Miller, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2000)
May 18 - Hugh Shearer, Prime Minister of Jamaica (d. 2004)
May 21 - Armand Borel, Swiss mathematician (d. 2003)
May 21 - Dorothy Hewett, writer (d. 2002)
May 21 - Ara Parseghian, American football coach
May 26 - James Arness, American actor
May 27 - Henry Kissinger, United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
May 28 - György Ligeti, Hungarian composer (d. 2006)
May 28 - NTR, Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao, Indian (Telugu) film actor (d. 1996)
May 31 - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (d. 2005)
June 4 - Elizabeth Jolley, Australian writer (d. 2007)
June 10 - Robert Maxwell, Slovakian-born media entrepreneur (d. 1991)
June 15 - Johnny Most, American basketball radio announcer (d. 1993)
June 24 - Jack Carter, American comedian
June 27 - Gus Zernial, American baseball player

[edit] July - August

July 2 - Wislawa Szymborska, Polish writer, Nobel Prize laureate
July 4 - Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss Federal Councilor
July 8 - Harrison Dillard, American athlete
July 18 - Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (d. 1997)
July 20 - Stanisław Albinowski, Polish economist and journalist (d. 2005)
July 21 - Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
July 22 - Bob Dole, American politician and Presidential candidate
July 22 - Mukesh, Indian singer (d. 1976)
July 22 - Mary Lillian Ellison, better known by her ring name The Fabulous Moolah, American Professional Wrestler
July 23 - Witto Aloma, Cuban Major League Baseball player (d. 1997)
July 23 - Norma Zimmer, American singer
July 23 - Estelle Getty, American actress
July 28 - H.S.S. Lawrence, Indian educationist
July 29 - Jim Marshall, founder of Marshall Amplification.
August 5 - Devan Nair, third President of Singapore (d. 2005)
August 16 - Millôr Fernandes, Brazilian cartoonist and playwright
August 20 - Jim Reeves, American singer (d. 1964)
August 21 - Shimon Peres, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
August 21 - Larry Grayson, British comedian and game show host (d. 1995)
August 24 - Arthur Jensen, American educational psychologist
August 26 - Wolfgang Sawallisch, German conductor and pianist
August 29 - Marmaduke Hussey, Baron Hussey of North Bradley, Chairman of the BBC (d. 2006)

[edit] September - October

September 1 - Rocky Marciano, American boxer (d. 1969)
September 1 - Kenneth Roy Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet, Canadian businessman and art collector (d. 2006)
September 3 - Mort Walker, American cartoonist
September 6 - King Peter II of Yugoslavia (d. 1970)
September 7 - Madeleine Dring, British composer and actress (d. 1977)
September 9 - Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
September 11 - Dharmsamrat Paramhans Swami Madhavananda, Indian guru (d. 2003)
September 16 - Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore
September 17 - Hank Williams, American country musician (d. 1953)
September 18 - Queen Anne of Romania
September 20 - Geraldine Clinton Little, Irish-born poet (d. 1997)
September 22 - Dannie Abse, Welsh poet
September 26 - Dev Anand, Indian actor
October 3 - Edward Oliver LeBlanc, Dominican politician (d. 2004)
October 5 - Albert Guðmundsson, Icelandic professional football player and politician (d. 1994)
October 5 - Glynis Johns, British actress
October 13 - Faas Wilkes, Dutch football (soccer) player (d. 2006)
October 15 - Italo Calvino, Italian writer (d. 1985)
October 17 - Charles McClendon, Hall of Fame college football coach (d. 2001)
October 23 - Frank Sutton, American actor (d. 1974)
October 23 - Sir Robin Day, British political broadcaster (d. 2000)
October 24 - Denise Levertov, British-born American poet (d. 1997)

[edit] November - December

November 1 - Victoria de los Angeles, Catalan soprano (d. 2005)
November 1 - Gordon R. Dickson, Canadian author (d. 2001)
November 3 - Tomás Cardinal Ó Fiaich, Northern Irish clergyman (d. 1990)
November 8 - Jack Kilby, American electrical engineer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 2005)
November 18 - Alan Shepard, American astronaut (d. 1998)
November 20 - Nadine Gordimer, South African writer, Nobel Prize laureate
November 22 - Arthur Hiller, Canadian film director
November 23 - Billy Haughton, American harness driver and trainer (d. 1986)
November 25 - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland
December 2 - Maria Callas, Greek soprano (d. 1977)
December 12 - Bob Barker, American game show host
December 13 - Philip Warren Anderson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
December 13 - Larry Doby, baseball player (d. 2003)
December 13 - Antoni Tàpies, Catalan painter
December 14 - Gerard Reve, Dutch writer (d. 2006)
December 14 - Sully Boyar, American actor (d. 2001)
December 15 - Freeman Dyson, English-born physicist
December 17 - Jaroslav Pelikan, American historian (d. 2006)
December 23 - Claudio Scimone, Italian conductor
December 23 - James Stockdale, U.S. Navy admiral (d. 2005)
December 24 - George Patton IV, American general (d. 2004)
December 25 - Sonia Olschanezky, World War II heroine (d. 1944)
date unknown - Geoffrey Hattersley-Smith, English/Canadian geologist and glaciologist

[edit] Deaths

Mohammad Ya`qub Khan, Emir of Kabul, Emir of Kandahar (b. 1849)

[edit] January - June

January 9 - Katherine Mansfield, British novelist (b. 1888)
January 9 - Edith Thompson, hanged for murder (or adultery; b. 25 December 1893)
January 23 - Max Nordau, Hungarian author, philosopher, and Zionist leader (b. 1849)
January 31 - Eligiusz Niewiadomski, Polish artist, political activist and assassin (executed) (b. 1869)
February 3 - Kuroki Tamemoto, Japanese military leader (b. 1844)
February 10 - Wilhelm Röntgen, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
February 23 - Théophile Delcassé, French statesman (b. 1852)
March 8 - Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1837)
March 26 - Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (b. 1844)
March 27 - Sir James Dewar, Scottish chemist (b. 1842)
March 28 - Michel-Joseph Maunoury, French general (b. 1847)
April 4 - John Venn, British mathematician (b. 1834)
April 5 - George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English financier of Egyptian excavations (b. 1866)
April 23 - Princess Louise of Prussia, Grand Duchess of Baden (b. 1838)
June 9 - Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, third daughter of Queen Victoria (b. 1846)
June 24 - Edith Södergran, Finnish author (b. 1892)

[edit] July - December

July 10 - Albert Chevalier, music hall comedian (b. 1861)
July 23 - Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1878)
August 2 - Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States (b. 1865)
August 24 - Kato Tomosaburo, 21st Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1861)
September 9 - Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca, 8th President of Brazil (b. 1855)
October 30 - Andrew Bonar Law, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1858)
November 9 - (among those killed in Beer Hall Putsch):
November 9 - Oskar Körner, businessman (b. 1875)
November 9 - Karl Laforce, student (b. 1904)
November 9 - Ludwig Maximilian Erwin von Scheubner-Richter, diplomat and revolutionary (b. 1884)
November 14 - Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover (b. 1845)
December 12 - Raymond Radiguet, French author (b. 1903)
December 13 - Théophile Steinlen, Swiss painter (b. 1859)
date unknown - Carl L. Boeckmann, Norwegian-American artist (b. 1867)

[edit] Nobel prizes

Physics - Robert Andrews Millikan
Chemistry - Fritz Pregl
Physiology or Medicine - Frederick Grant Banting, John James Richard Macleod
Literature - William Butler Yeats
Peace - Not awarded

[edit] See also

20th century

[edit] Notes

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1923

[edit] External references

[edit] Table of Contents

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