1859
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Centuries: | 18th century - 19th century - 20th century |
| Decades: | 1820s 1830s 1840s - 1850s - 1860s 1870s 1880s
|
| Years: | 1856 1857 1858 - 1859 - 1860 1861 1862 |
| 1859 in topic: |
| Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture - |
| Art - Literature - Music - Science |
| Sports - Rail Transport |
| Countries: Australia - Canada - Ireland - |
| New Zealand - South Africa - U.S. - UK |
| Leaders: State leaders - Colonial governors |
| Category: Establishments - Disestablishments |
| Births - Deaths - Works |
Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).
Contents |
[edit] Events of 1859
[edit] January - March
- January 24 - Wallachia and Moldavia are united under Alexander John Cuza under the name Romania (see December 1 1918 for the final unification, Transylvania and other regions were still missing at this time).
- January 28 - The city of Olympia is incorporated in the state of Washington in the United States of America.
- February 14 - Oregon is admitted as the 33rd U.S. state.
- February 27 - US congressman Daniel Sickles shoots Philip Barton Key for having an affair with his wife.
- March 9 - The army of Piedmont-Sardinia mobilizes against Austria, beginning the crisis which will lead to the Austro-Sardinian War.
- March 26 - A French amateur astronomer claims to have noticed a planet closer to the Sun than Mercury - later named Vulcan.
[edit] April - June
- April 20 - A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens is published.
- April 25 - Ground is broken for the Suez Canal.
- April 26 - Austro-Sardinian War - Giuseppe Garibaldi's Hunters of the Alps confront Austrian forces led by Field Marshal-Lieutenant Carl Baron Urban at Varese.
- April 28 - The Pomona is wrecked off the English coast, with 424 dead
- April 29 - Austrian troops begin to cross the Ticino River to Piedmont.
- May 4 - Cornwall Railway opened across the Royal Albert Bridge linking the counties of Devon and Cornwall in England.
- May 5 - Border Treaty between Brazil and Venezuela: The two countries agreed their borders should be traced at the water divide between the Amazon and the Orinoco basins.[1]
- May 21 - The bell Big Ben first activated.
- May 22 - Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies is succeeded by his 23-year-old son Francis II of the Two Sicilies.
- May 30 - Sardinians defeat the Austrian army at Battle of Palestro.
- June 4 - Battle of Magenta in Austro-Sardinian War - French and Sardinians defeat Austrians.
- June 6 - The British Crown colony of Queensland in Australia is created by devolving part of the territory of New South Wales (Queensland Day).
- June 15 - The so called Pig War border dispute between the Americans and the British on the San Juan Islands begins by the death of the namesake pig.
- June 24 - Battle of Solferino: Kingdom of Sardinia and Napoleon III of France armies defeat Franz Josef I of Austria in northern Italy. Battle inspires Henri Dunant to found the Red Cross.
- June 30 - Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope for the first time.
[edit] July - September
- July 1 - First intercollegiate baseball game is played, between Amherst and Williams Colleges.
- July 8
- July 11 - By the preliminary treaty signed at Villafranca, Italy, Lombardy is ceded to the French (who immediately cede it to Sardinia), while the Austrians keep Venetia and the French promise to restore the Central Italian rulers expelled in the course of the war. This brings the Austro-Sardinian War effectively to a close.
- August 27 - Edwin Drake drills the first oil well in the United States, near Titusville, Pennsylvania.
- August 28-September 2 - Great geomagnetic solar superstorm, which caused the Northern lights aurora to be visible as far south as Cuba and knocked out telegraph communication.
[edit] October - December
- October 16 - John Brown raids the Harpers Ferry Armory in Harper's Ferry, Virginia, in an unsuccessful bid to spark a general slave rebellion.
- October 18 - Troops under Colonel Robert E. Lee overpower Brown at the Federal arsenal.
- October 26 - The steamship Royal Charter is wrecked on the coast of Anglesey, Wales with 454 dead.
- November 1 - The current Cape Lookout, North Carolina, lighthouse was lighted for the first time. Its first-order Fresnel lens can be seen for nineteen miles.
- November 10 - The Treaty of Zürich, reaffirming the terms of Villafranca, brings the Austro-Sardinian War to an official close.
- 24 November - The French Navy's La Gloire ("Glory"), the first ocean-going ironclad warship in history, is launched.
- November 24 - British naturalist Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species, a book which argues that species gradually evolve through natural selection. (It immediately sold out its initial print run.)
- December 2 - Militant abolitionist leader John Brown is hanged for his October 16th raid on Harper's Ferry.
- December 4 - Mekteb-i Mülkiye founded.
[edit] Undated
- Pike's Peak Gold Rush.
- Island of Timor is divided between Portugal and the Netherlands.
- Rincon de Los Esteros Land Grant confirmed to Rafael Alvisa, (part of the present Santa Clara County, California.
- Codex Sinaiticus found by Constantin von Tischendorf on his third visit to the monastery of Santa Katerina, on Mount Sinai.
- Bernhard Riemann formulates the Riemann hypothesis, one of the most important open problems of contemporary mathematics.
- Solar flares first observed on the Sun by English astronomer Richard Carrington.
- Brisbane declared the capital of newly-made-separate colony Queensland, Australia.
- University of Michigan Law School founded.
[edit] Ongoing events
[edit] Births
| Gregorian calendar | 1859 MDCCCLIX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2612 |
| Armenian calendar | 1308 ԹՎ ՌՅԸ |
| Bahá'í calendar | 15 – 16 |
| Berber calendar | 2809 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2403 |
| Burmese calendar | 1221 |
| Chinese calendar | 4495/4555-11-28 (戊午年十一月廿八日) — to — 4496/4556-12-8(己未年十二月初八日) |
| Coptic calendar | 1575 – 1576 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1851 – 1852 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5619 – 5620 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1914 – 1915 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1781 – 1782 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4960 – 4961 |
| Holocene calendar | 11859 |
| Iranian calendar | 1237 – 1238 |
| Islamic calendar | 1275 – 1276 |
| Japanese calendar | Ansei 6 (安政6年) |
| - Imperial Year | Kōki 2519 (皇紀2519年) |
| Julian calendar | 1904 |
| Korean calendar | 4192 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2402 |
[edit] January - June
- January 11 - Lord George Nathaniel Curzon, British statesman and Viceroy of India (d. 1925)
- January 27 - Wilhelm II of Germany, last Emperor of Germany and King of Prussia (d. 1941)
- February 1 - Victor Herbert, Irish-born composer (d. 1924)
- February 3 - Hugo Junkers, German industrialist and aircraft designer (d. 1935)
- February 6 - Elias Disney, American farmer and father of Walt Disney (d. 1941)
- February 14 - Henry Valentine Knaggs, English physician and author (d. 1954)
- February 16 - George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr., inventor of the Ferris wheel (d. 1896)
- February 19 - Svante Arrhenius, Swedish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1927)
- February 28 - Florian Cajori, Swiss historian of mathematics (d. 1930)
- March 2 - Sholom Aleichem, Ukrainian Yiddish novelist (d. 1916)
- March 4 - Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Russian physicist (d. 1905)
- March 8 - Kenneth Grahame, English author (d. 1932)
- March 12 - Abraham H. Cannon, American Morman apostle (d. 1896)
- March 26 - Alfred Edward Housman, English poet (d. 1936)
- April 8 - Edmund Husserl, Austrian philosopher (d. 1938)
- May 15 - Pierre Curie, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1906)
- May 22 - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Scottish writer (d. 1930)
[edit] July - December
- July 6 - Verner von Heidenstam, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)
- August 4 - Knut Hamsun, Norwegian author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1952)
- October 9 - Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer (d. 1935)
- October 18 - Henri Bergson, French philosopher, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 1941)
- October 21 - Francesc Macià, President of the Catalan Generalitat (d. 1933)
- November 14 - Alexandru Averescu, Romanian soldier and politician (d. 1938)
- November 19 - Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Russian composer (d. 1935)
- November 23 - Henry McCarty, Outlaw (d. July 14, 1881)
- December 2 - Georges Seurat, French painter (d. 1891)
- December 15 - L. L. Zamenhof, Russo-Polish initiator of Esperanto (d. 1917)
- December 17 - Paul César Helleu, French artist (d. 1927)
- date unknown
- William Bliss Baker, American painter (d. 1886)
[edit] Deaths
[edit] January - June
- January 28 - Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1782)
- February 13 - Eliza Acton, English cookery writer (b. 1799)
- February 27 - Philip Barton Key, U.S. District Attorney (b. 1818)
- April 16 - Alexis de Tocqueville, French historian (b. 1805)
- May 6 - Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist and geographer (b. 1769)
- June 11 - Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, Austrian diplomat (b. 1773)
- June 23 - Maria Pavlovna of Russia, Grand duchess of Saxe-Weimar Eisenach (b. 1786)
[edit] July - December
- July 8 - Oscar I, King of Sweden and Norway (b. 1799)
- August 2 - Horace Mann, American educator and abolitionist (b. 1796)
- September 15 - Isambard Kingdom Brunel, British engineer (b. 1806)
- October 4 - Karl Baedeker, German author and publisher (b. 1801)
- October 22 - Louis Spohr, German violinist and composer (b. 1784)
- November 28 - Washington Irving, American author (b. 1783)
- December 2 - John Brown, American abolitionist (hanged) (b. 1800)
- December 8 - Thomas de Quincey, English writer (b. 1785)
- December 16 - Wilhelm Grimm, German writer (b. 1786)
- date unknown - Abderrahmane, Sultan of Morocco (b. 1778)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
1859
- See also Category: 1859 deaths.af:1859
am:1859 እ.ኤ.አ. ar:1859 an:1859 ast:1859 az:1859 bn:১৮৫৯ map-bms:1859 be:1859 be-x-old:1859 bh:१८५९ bs:1859 br:1859 bg:1859 ca:1859 cv:1859 cs:1859 co:1859 cy:1859 da:1859 de:1859 et:1859 el:1859 es:1859 eo:1859 eu:1859 fr:1859 fy:1859 fur:1859 ga:1859 gd:1859 gl:1859 ko:1859년 hy:1859 hi:1859 hr:1859. io:1859 bpy:মারি ১৮৫৯ id:1859 ia:1859 os:1859 is:1859 it:1859 he:1859 jv:1859 ka:1859 csb:1859 sw:1859 ht:1859 (almanak gregoryen) la:1859 lb:1859 lt:1859 lmo:1859 hu:1859 mk:1859 mi:1859 mr:इ.स. १८५९ ms:1859 nah:1859 nl:1859 new:ई सं १८५९ ja:1859年 nap:1859 no:1859 nn:1859 nrm:1859 nov:1859 oc:1859 uz:1859 pi:१८५९ pl:1859 pt:1859 ksh:Joohr 1859 ro:1859 ru:1859 год se:1859 sq:1859 scn:1859 simple:1859 sk:1859 sl:1859 sr:1859 sh:1859 su:1859 fi:1859 sv:1859 tl:1859 ta:1859 tt:1859 te:1859 th:พ.ศ. 2402 tr:1859 uk:1859 vec:1859 wa:1859 vls:1859 zh-yue:1859年 cbk-zam:1859 bat-smg:1859 zh:1859年
