1781
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Centuries: | 17th century - 18th century - 19th century |
| Decades: | 1750s 1760s 1770s - 1780s - 1790s 1800s 1810s
|
| Years: | 1778 1779 1780 - 1781 - 1782 1783 1784 |
| 1781 in topic: |
| Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture - |
| Art - Literature - Music - Science |
| Countries: Canada |
| Great Britain - Mexico |
| Leaders: State leaders - Colonial governors |
| Category: Establishments - Disestablishments |
| BirtYJLLLKFSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS;Jhs - Deaths - Works |
Year 1781 (MDCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar).
Contents |
[edit] Events of 1781
[edit] January - June
- January 2 - Virginia passes law ceding its western land claims, paving the way for Maryland to ratify the Articles of Confederation
- January 5 - American Revolution: Richmond, Virginia is burned by British naval forces led by Benedict Arnold.
- January 6 - In the Battle of Jersey the British beat the French in what was technically the last battle fought in the British Islands (coming after the Battle of Culloden in 1745). It was the last attempt by France to invade Jersey militarily.
- January 17 - American Revolution: Americans under Daniel Morgan defeat British forces at the Battle of Cowpens.
- February 2 - Articles of Confederation ratified by Maryland, the 13th and final state to do so.
- January - William Pitt the Younger, later Prime Minister, enters Parliament.
- March 1 - United States Continental Congress implements the Articles of Confederation forming its Perpetual Union as the United States in Congress Assembled.
- March 13 - Sir William Herschel discovers the planet Uranus. Originally he calls it Georgium Sidus (George's Star) in honour of King George III of England.
- March 15 - American Revolution: American General Nathanael Greene loses Battle of Guilford Court House to British.
[edit] July - December
- July 27 - French spy Francis Henry de la Motte executed in Tyburn prison in England for high treason
- July 29 - American Revolution: Skirmish at the House in the Horseshoe: A Tory force under David Fanning attacks Phillip Alston's smaller force of Whigs at Alston's home in Cumberland County, North Carolina (in present day Moore County, North Carolina). Alston's troops surrender after Fanning's men attempt to ram the house with a cart of burning straw.
- August 30 - American Revolution: French fleet under Comte de Grasse enters Chesapeake Bay, cutting British General Charles Cornwallis off from escape by sea.
- September 4 - Los Angeles is founded as El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora La Reina de Los Ángeles de Porciuncula (City of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels of Porciuncula) by a group of 44 Spanish settlers.
- September 5 - American Revolution: British fleet under Thomas Graves arrives and fights de Grasse, but to no effect.
- September 6 - American Revolution: The British army attacks a fort in Groton, Connecticut which became known as the Battle of Groton Heights.
- September 10 - American Revolution: Graves gives up trying to break through the now-reinforced French fleet and returns to New York, leaving Cornwallis to his fate.
- October 19 - American Revolution: Following the Siege of Yorktown, General Charles Cornwallis surrenders to General George Washington at Yorktown, Virginia, ending the armed struggle of the American Revolution.
- October 20 - Patent of Tolerance, providing limited freedom of worship, was approved in Habsburg Monarchy.
- November 5 - John Hanson is elected President of the Continental Congress.
- November 29 - The slave ship Zong dumps its living cargo into the sea in order to claim insurance.
- November 29 - Henry Hurle officially founds the Ancient Order of Druids(AOD) in London, England.
- December 12 - French and British fleets fight in the Second Battle of Ushant.
[edit] Undated
- Bank of North America is chartered by the Continental Congress.
- Charles Messier publishes final catalog of Messier objects.
- Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovers tungsten.
- Immanuel Kant publishes Critique of Pure Reason.
- Jeremy Bentham formulates utilitarian ethics.
- Reverend Samuel Peters publishes General History of Connecticut, using the term blue law for the first time.
- Antonio Salieri selected as music teacher of Princess of Württemberg over Mozart.
- John Phillips establishes Phillips Exeter Academy.
- Washington Academy later Washington and Jefferson College.
[edit] Births
| Gregorian calendar | 1781 MDCCLXXXI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2534 |
| Armenian calendar | 1230 ԹՎ ՌՄԼ |
| Bahá'í calendar | -63 – -62 |
| Berber calendar | 2731 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2325 |
| Burmese calendar | 1143 |
| Chinese calendar | 4417/4477-12-7 (庚子年十二月初七日) — to — 4418/4478-11-17(辛丑年十一月十七日) |
| Coptic calendar | 1497 – 1498 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1773 – 1774 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5541 – 5542 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1836 – 1837 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1703 – 1704 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4882 – 4883 |
| Holocene calendar | 11781 |
| Iranian calendar | 1159 – 1160 |
| Islamic calendar | 1195 – 1196 |
| Japanese calendar | An'ei 10Tenmei 1 (天明元年) |
| - Imperial Year | Kōki 2441 (皇紀2441年) |
| Julian calendar | 1826 |
| Korean calendar | 4114 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2324 |
- January 26 - Achim von Arnim, German writer (d. 1831)
- January 30 - Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer (d. 1838)
- February 17 - Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec, French physician and inventor (d. 1826)
- March 4 - Rebecca Gratz, American educator and philanthropist (d. 1869)
- March 13 - Karl Friedrich Schinkel, German architect and painter (d. 1841)
- April 2 - Bhagwan Swaminarayan, Hindu Spiritual Leader (d. 1830)
- June 9- George Stephenson, English engineer (d. 1848)
- June 21 - Siméon-Denis Poisson, French mathematician and physicist (d. 1840)
- July 6
- Thomas Stamford Raffles, English founder of Singapore (d. 1826)
- John D. Sloat, American naval officer (d. 1867)
- July 27 - Mauro Giuliani, Italian composer (d. 1829)
- September 3 - Eugène de Beauharnais, French nobleman, son of Napoleon's wife Josephine (d. 1824)
- September 6 - Anton Diabelli, Austrian music publisher, editor, and composer (d. 1858)
- October 1 - James Lawrence, U.S. Navy officer (d. 1813)
- November 6 - Lucy Aikin, English writer (d. 1864)
- November 20 - Karl Friedrich Eichhorn, German jurist (d. 1854)
- November 29 - Andrés Bello, Venezuelan poet, lawmaker, teacher, philosopher and sociologist (d. 1865)
- November 30 - Alexander Berry, Scottish adventurer and Australian pioneer (d. 1873)
- December 11 - Sir David Brewster, Scottish physicist (d. 1868)
- date unknown
- William Williams of Wern, minister (d. 1840)
- Shaka Zulu King of the Zulu people. (d. circa 22 September 1828)
- See also Category: 1781 births.
[edit] Deaths
- January 12 - Richard Challoner, English Catholic prelate (b. 1691)
- January 15 - Marianne Victoria of Borbón, queen regent of Portugal (b. 1718)
- February 15 - Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, German author and philosopher (b. 1729)
- February 23 - George Taylor, American signer of the Declaration of Independence
- February 24 - Edward Capell, English critic (b. 1713)
- March 18 - Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune, French statesman and economist (b. 1727)
- April 23 - James Abercrombie, British general (b. 1706)
- April 28 - Cornelius Harnett, American delegate to the Continental Congress (b. 1723)
- May 8 - Richard Jago, English poet (b. 1715)
- May 27 - Giovanni Battista Beccaria, Italian physicist (b. 1716)
- July 18 - Padre Francisco Garcés, Spanish missionary (killed) (b. 1738)
- July 23 - John Joachim Zubly, Swiss-born Continental Congressman (b. 1724)
- September 28 - William Henry Nassau de Zuylestein, 4th Earl of Rochford, British diplomat and statesman (b. 1717)
- October 16 - Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke, British naval officer (b. 1705)
- November 4 - Johann Nikolaus Götz, German poet (b. 1721)
- date unknown - Peter Scheemakers, Flemish sculptor (b. 1691)
- See also Category: 1781 deaths.af:1781
am:1781 እ.ኤ.አ. ar:1781 an:1781 ast:1781 az:1781 bn:১৭৮১ map-bms:1781 be:1781 be-x-old:1781 bh:१७८१ bs:1781 br:1781 bg:1781 ca:1781 cv:1781 cs:1781 co:1781 cy:1781 da:1781 de:1781 et:1781 el:1781 es:1781 eo:1781 eu:1781 fr:1781 ga:1781 gd:1781 gl:1781 ko:1781년 hy:1781 hi:1781 hr:1781. io:1781 bpy:মারি ১৭৮১ id:1781 ia:1781 os:1781 is:1781 it:1781 he:1781 jv:1781 ka:1781 csb:1781 sw:1781 ht:1781 (almanak gregoryen) la:1781 lb:1781 lt:1781 lmo:1781 hu:1781 mk:1781 mi:1781 mr:इ.स. १७८१ ms:1781 nah:1781 nl:1781 new:१७८१ ja:1781年 nap:1781 no:1781 nn:1781 nrm:1781 nov:1781 oc:1781 uz:1781 pi:१७८१ pl:1781 pt:1781 ksh:Joohr 1781 ro:1781 qu:1781 ru:1781 год sq:1781 scn:1781 simple:1781 sk:1781 sl:1781 sr:1781 su:1781 fi:1781 sv:1781 tl:1781 ta:1781 tt:1781 th:พ.ศ. 2324 tr:1781 uk:1781 vec:1781 wa:1781 zh-yue:1781年 zh:1781年
