1291
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Years: 1288 1289 1290 - 1291 - 1292 1293 1294 | |
| Decades: 1260s 1270s 1280s - 1290s - 1300s 1310s 1320s | |
| Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century | |
| 1291 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders - Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births - Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments - Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1291 MCCXCI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2044 |
| Armenian calendar | 740 ԹՎ ՉԽ |
| Bahá'í calendar | -553 – -552 |
| Berber calendar | 2241 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1835 |
| Burmese calendar | 653 |
| Chinese calendar | 3927/3987-11-30 (庚寅年十一月三十日) — to — 3928/3988-12-10(辛卯年十二月初十日) |
| Coptic calendar | 1007 – 1008 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1283 – 1284 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5051 – 5052 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1346 – 1347 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1213 – 1214 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4392 – 4393 |
| Holocene calendar | 11291 |
| Iranian calendar | 669 – 670 |
| Islamic calendar | 689 – 691 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| - Imperial Year | Kōki 1951 (皇紀1951年) |
| Julian calendar | 1336 |
| Korean calendar | 3624 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1834 |
1291 (MCCXCI) was a year in the 13th century.
Contents |
[edit] Events
[edit] Europe
- In the spring of this year, Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi set sail from Genoa with the goal of reaching India; they never return.
- May 10 - Scottish nobles recognize the authority of King Edward I of England in mediating resolution of the succession crisis created by the death of King Alexander III of Scotland five years prior.
- Early August - According to tradition, the Swiss Confederation is formed by Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden, the "three forest cantons" when enacting the Federal Charter of 1291.
- Sancho IV of Castile captures Tarifa from the Moors.
- The Habsburgs acquire the Swiss city of Lucerne.
- Pope Nicholas IV confirms the independence of San Marino via papal bull.
- All glassmakers in Venice are forced to moved to the island of Murano in order to contain the risk of fire, thus establishing the glass industry there.
- Klenová castle is constructed in southern Bohemia as part of a frontier defense system.
- King Andrew III of Hungary gives royal town privileges to Bratislava, the present-day capital of Slovakia.
[edit] Asia
- May 18 - Mamluk Sultan of Egypt Khalil captures Acre, thus exterminating the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem — the final Christian landholding remaining from the Crusades — and ending the Ninth Crusade and effectively all Crusades by eliminating the possibility of further attacks on the Holy Land (see Siege of Acre (1291)).
- The artificial Kunming Lake is constructed as a reservoir for Beijing in Yuan Dynasty China by famous engineer and astronomer Guo Shoujing.
- Emperor Kameyama, emperor of Japan, establishes the Zen Buddhist temple of Nanzenji in Kyoto.
[edit] Births
- February 8 - King Afonso IV of Portugal (died 1357)
- October 31 - Philippe de Vitry, French composer (died 1361)
- Pope Clement VI (died 1352)
- Theodore I of Montferrat (died 1338)
- Aimone of Savoy (died 1343)
[edit] Deaths
- March 10 - Arghun, Mongol ruler
- June 18 - King Alfonso III of Aragon (born 1265)
- June 26 - Eleanor of Provence, queen of Henry III of England
- July 15 - Rudolph I of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1218)
- Hong Dagu, Korean military leader (born 1244)
- Talabuga, khan of the Blue Hordeaf:1291
am:1291 እ.ኤ.አ. ar:1291 an:1291 ast:1291 az:1291 bn:১২৯১ map-bms:1291 be:1291 be-x-old:1291 bh:१२९१ bs:1291 br:1291 bg:1291 ca:1291 cv:1291 cs:1291 co:1291 cy:1291 da:1291 de:1291 et:1291 el:1291 es:1291 eo:1291 eu:1291 fa:۱۲۹۱ (میلادی) fr:1291 fy:1291 gd:1291 gl:1291 ko:1291년 hy:1291 hi:1291 hr:1291. io:1291 bpy:মারি ১২৯১ id:1291 is:1291 it:1291 he:1291 jv:1291 ka:1291 sw:1291 ht:1291 (almanak jilyen) la:1291 lb:1291 lt:XIII amžiaus 10-as dešimtmetis#1291 lmo:1291 hu:1291 mk:1291 mi:1291 mr:इ.स. १२९१ ms:1291 nah:1291 nl:1291 new:१२९१ ja:1291年 nap:1291 no:1291 nn:1291 nrm:1291 oc:1291 uz:1291 pi:१२९१ pl:1291 pt:1291 ksh:Joohr 1291 ro:1291 rm:1291 ru:1291 год sq:1291 scn:1291 simple:1291 sk:1291 sl:1291 sr:1291 su:1291 fi:1291 sv:1291 tl:1291 tt:1291 th:พ.ศ. 1834 tr:1291 uk:1291 vec:1291 zh-yue:1291年 zea:1291 zh:1291年
